Ethan-1,2-dithiol

1.123 at 23.5 °C

1.123-1.124 (d20/4)

1.124 @25 °C

Freely soluble in alkalies

Soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, and benzene; slightly soluble in alkali.

Soluble in oxygenated solvents

insoluble in water; miscible in fat

(in ethanol)

146 °C at 760 mm Hg

144.00 to 146.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

146 °C; 46-47 °C (6 mm Hg)

146 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-41.2 °C

-41.2 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 0.03 [ppm]

Its odor is very faint at 31 ppb and easily noticeable at 5.6 ppm.

5.61 [mmHg]

5.61 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

5.68 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Danger

H226 (94.8%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 308 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: 1,2-Ethanedithiol

Dithioethylene glycol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

0.36 [mg/m3]

4.0 [mg/m3]

24 [mg/m3]

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-ethanedithiol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-ethanedithiol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1,2-Ethanedithiol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 5.61 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 44(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-ethanedithiol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 days and 17 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.2(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-ethanedithiol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 5.61 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-ethanedithiol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1,2-Ethanedithiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Static aquatic assays were conducted for 24 hr on three species of fish. No mortality or change in equilibrium resulted from 5 ppm in Northern squawfish, and 10 ppm caused the death of Coho salmon, steelhead trout, and Northern squawfish in 2 to 14 hr (high alkalinity and hardness). In different water conditions (low alkalinity and hardness), mortality was observed in Northern squawfish at 10 ppm in 7 to 19 hr.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,2-ethanedithiol can be estimated to be 44(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-ethanedithiol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The ability of 1,2-ethanedithiol to induce specific locus mutations at the TK locus in cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay) was evaluated in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity determinations, nonactivated cultures were treated with concentrations ranging from 13ug/mL to 150ug/mL, producing a range of 32.5 - 0.9% total survival. S9 activated cultures treated with concentrations ranging from 0.07ug/mL to 1ug/mL produced a range of 48.9 - 3% total survival. Nonactivated cultures exhibited a dose-related increase in the mutant frequency relative to the solvent control (DMSO). No increase in forward mutations was observed in the presence of metabolic activation.

The mutagenicity of 1,2-ethanedithiol was evaluated in Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 (Ames Test), both in the presence and absence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Based on preliminary toxicity determinations, 1,2-ethanedithiol, diluted in DMSO, was tested at concentrations up to 5,000ug/plate using the plate incorporation technique. 1,2-Ethanedithiol did not cause a positive response in any tester strain with or without metabolic activation.

The ability of 1,2-ethanedithiol to induce Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was evaluated both in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. Based on preliminary toxicity tests, 1,2-ethanedithiol diluted with DMSO, was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.6, 5.0, 16 or 50 ug/mL. In nonactivated cultures, concentrations of 16 and 50 ug/mL (p < 0.0001) and in activated cultures, concentrations of 1.6 and 5.0 ug/mL (p = 0.004), 16 ug/mL (p = 0.002), and 50 ug/mL (p < 0.0001) induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of SCE relative to controls.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Vapors of ethanedithiol may cause severe headache and nausea.

/CASE REPORTS/ ... A 22-year-old female chemistry student who developed widespread erythema multiforme-like lesions after local contact with 1,2-ethanedithiol. Many target lesions were observed bilaterally on her hands, forearms, arms, and on her forehead. One such lesion was histologically compatible with erythema multiforme. The patient had a positive patch test to 1,2-ethanedithiol, whereas none of 30 healthy subjects showed a positive reaction. However, eight of the 30 controls (26.7%) developed irritant reactions to 1,2-ethanedithiol.

An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated for 1,2-ethanedithiol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-ethanedithiol is estimated as 1.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-ethanedithiol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 days(SRC). 1,2-Ethanedithiol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.61 mm Hg(3).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In general /in rats/, toxicological signs noted after oral dosing included decreased activity, depression, ataxia, labored respiration, loss of righting reflex, tremors, and convulsions.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Toxicological signs /in rabbits dermally exposed/ included depression, weakness, labored respiration, tremors, erythema, edema, and sloughing of the skin at the application site.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A /sensory/ irritation study of mice found depressions in the respiratory rates at 87 ppm (1 minute intervals).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Clinical signs /in mice exposed by inhalation/ included lack of muscular coordination, lacrimation, ataxia, labored respiration, and progressive cyanosis.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-ETHANEDITHIOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-ethanedithiol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,2-Ethanedithiol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1,2-Ethanedithiol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Urinary metabolites could result from methylation, S-oxidation of one S atom to yield a polar sulfonate, and the formation of mixed disulfides of low relative molecular mass such as cysteine, an endogenous thiol. /Dithiols/

Simple aliphatic and aromatic thiols undergo S-methylation in mammals to produce the corresponding methyl thioether or sulfide. Methylation is catalysed by thiopurine methyltransferase in the cytoplasm and thiol methyltransferase in microsomes, and both reactions require S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a methyl group donor. Thiopurine methyltransferase is present in human liver, kidney, and erythrocytes; preferential substrates for this enzyme include aromatic and heterocyclic thiols. S-Methylation of aliphatic thiols is catalysed by microsomal thiol methyltransferase, and the resulting methyl thioether (sulfide) metabolite would undergo S-oxidation to give the methyl sulfoxide and methyl sulfone analogues as urinary products. Thiols may react with glutathione and other endogenous thiol substances to form mixed disulfides. Both microsomal and cytoplasmic thioltransferasess have been reported to catalyse the formation of mixed disulfides. The resulting mixed disulfides can undergo reduction back to thiols, oxidative desulfuration, or oxidation to a sulfonic acid via the intermediate thiosulfinate and sulfinic acids. The principal form in the circulation would probably be a mixed disulfide formed with albumin. /Simple thiols/

Used as a metal-complexing agent; [Hawley]

Metal-complexing agent. Reverse inhibition by alpha-keto aldehydes on mitosis in E. coli.

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

1,2-Ethanedithiol: ACTIVE

Thiols can be prepared by a variety of methods. The most-utilized of these synthetic methods for tertiary and secondary thiols is acid-catalyzed synthesis; for normal and secondary thiols, the most-utilized methods are free-radical-initiated, alcohol substitution, or halide substitution; for mercaptoalcohols, the most-utilized method is oxirane addition; and for mercaptoacids and mercaptonitriles, the most-utilized methods are Michael-type additions. /Thiols/