3-Dimethylaminopropiononitril

0.86 at 86 °F (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8705 @ 20 °C

Density of saturated air: 1.03 (Air= 1)

0.86 at 86 °F

(86 °F): 0.86

Colorless, mobile fluid

Colorless liquid.

Miscible (NIOSH, 2024)

Miscible with water, alcohol, and other solvents.

Miscible

147 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

147 °F

147 °F CC

147 °F

147 °F

342 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

173 °C

342 °F

342 °F

-48 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-44.2 °C

-48 °F

-48 °F

10 mmHg at 135 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

10 mm Hg @ 57 °C

10 mmHg at 135 °F

(135 °F): 10 mmHg

Dimethylaminopropionitrile is a colorless liquid. Mp: -44.3 °C; bp: 171-172 °C. Density 0.87 g cm-3 at 20 °C). Water-soluble. Used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. Excessive exposure leads to urologic and neurologic disorders.

Liquid

Colorless liquid; [NIOSH]

Colorless liquid.

Colorless liquid.

Warning

H302 (99.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]；H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H373 (67.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 156 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)-

Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-07-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17139

3-(Dimethylamino)propionitrile: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dimethylaminopropionitrile:；Exposure Routes: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact；Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin; urinary disturbance; neurological disorders; pins & needles in hands & feet; muscle weak, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), nausea, vomiting; decreased nerve conduction in lower legs；Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous system, urinary tract (NIOSH, 2024)

Workers at polyurethane production plants developed neurogenic bladder dysfunction after exposure to the catalyst. [LaDou, p. 500] A skin and eye irritant.; [HSDB] Symptoms of workers included erectile dysfunction and urinary retention. Cystometrograms confirmed neurogenic bladder. In follow-up studies 2 years later, 11 workers were still symptomatic with bladder and sexual dysfunction. A smaller group still had evidence of sensory neuropathy. [Rom, p. 644] See NIAX catalyst ESN. See Propionitrile.

DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE is combustible but non-flammable (flash point > 140 °F), reacts with oxidizing agents (Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, p. 426 (1987)). Reacts violently with LIAlH4, a strong reducing agent. Emits toxic oxides of nitrogen and cyanide fumes when heated to decomposition.

Exposures should be limited to as few workers as possible, while minimizing workplace exposure concentrations with effective work practices and engineering controls. Exposed workers should be carefully monitored for potential disorders of the nervous and genitourinary system. Although substitution is a possible control measure, alternatives to NIAX Catalyst ESN or its components should be evaluated with regard to possible adverse health effects.

Acute Tox. 4 (99.4%)；Acute Tox. 4 (100%)；Eye Irrit. 2 (100%)；STOT RE 2 (67.9%)

Flammable liquids - Category 4；Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4；Acute toxicity (Dermal) - Category 4；Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2B；Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (kidney, urinary bladder, central nervous system)；Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (urinary bladder, nervous system)

Flammable agents - 2nd degree, Reactive agents - 1st degree

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dimethylaminopropionitrile:；Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.；Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.；Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

VAPOR WAS THOUGHT TO BE HAZARDOUS & CARE IN HANDLING WAS SUGGESTED.

NIOSH；At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration:；(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode；(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus；Escape:；(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister；Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus；Important additional information about respirator selection

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dimethylaminopropionitrile:；Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.；Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.；Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.；Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.；Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.；Provide:；• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.；• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-PROPANENITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPIDEMIC OF URINARY RETENTION AMONG WORKERS IN POLYURETHANE MFR DISCOVERED, SURVEY DISCLOSED INCR INCIDENCE OF MUSCLE WEAKNESS, PARESTHESIA, INSOMNIA, SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, NEUROGENIC BLADDERS. CATALYST CONTAINING DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE WAS IDENTIFIED AS CAUSATIVE AGENT.

NEUROGENIC BLADDER DYSFUNCTION, CHARACTERIZED BY HESITANCY, NEED TO STRAIN, DECR STREAM, & INCR DURATION OF URINATION, DEVELOPED IN 63% OF EMPLOYEES WORKING IN MFR OF POLYURETHANE FOAM EXPOSED TO DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE.

... Many workers /employed in the manufacture of polyurethane foam/ experienced symptoms of sexual dysfunction, incl impotence & difficulty with ejaculation. A mild sensory peripheral neuropathy was seen in a few persons & was confirmed by abnormal sensory nerve conduction testing. In one of the plants, a large number of workers also experienced CNS symptoms, incl insomnia, irritability, & impaired intellectual function. follow-up studies revealed persistence of signs & symptoms of bladder dysfunction in a small % of workers 2 yr after the initial outbreak.

ONSET OF NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION COINCIDED WITH INTRODUCTION OF CATALYST DMAPN, & MONTHLY CASE RATES INCR AS USE INCR. OUTBREAK CEASED ABRUPTLY WHEN USE STOPPED. DMAPN IS UNIQUE IN PRODUCING URINARY SYMPTOMS MORE FREQUENTLY THAN LIMB SYMPTOMS.

3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPIONITRILE RATED 5 ON RABBIT EYES. /RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY OBSERVED AFTER 24 HR. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10./

IN VIVO (RAT & MOUSE) & IN VITRO (ISOLATED TISSUE) ASSAYS WERE EMPLOYED. DMAPN @ DOSE LEVELS OF 0.25 ML/KG IP PRODUCED TREMORS, CONVULSIONS, & CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS IN RATS & MICE. @ 0.01 ML/KG IT INDUCED LOSS OF MICTURITION REFLEX IN RATS.

OSHA ISSUED HEALTH HAZARD ALERT FOR NIAX CATALYST ESN & ITS COMPONENTS DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE & BIS(2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL)ETHER. CATALYST IS NEUROTOXIC & PRODUCES URINARY BLADDER DYSFUNCTION. EXPOSURE MAY OCCUR BY INHALATION, SKIN ABSORPTION, & INGESTION.

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT NIAX CATALYST ESN & ITS COMPONENTS DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE & BIS(2-DIMETHYLAMINO)ETHYL ETHER & FORMULATIONS CONTAINING EITHER BE HANDLED AS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, THEY MAY CAUSE URINARY DYSFUNCTION.

NIAX CATALYST ESN (MIXT OF 95% DMAPN/DIMETHYLAMINOPROPRIONITRILE & 5% A-99/BIS-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ETHER) WAS CATALYST USED IN PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE FOAM WHICH WAS REPORTED TO PRODUCE REVERSIBLE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO IT.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency & assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol & physician order ... . Monitor for shock & treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema & treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures & treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth & administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, & does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor and treat cardiac arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/

LD50 Rat oral 2600 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 180 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 1410 mg/kg

Propionitrile, 3-(NN-dimethylamino)

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

2011

Chemical: Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)-

Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 15-07-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17139

3-(Dimethylamino)propionitrile: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Dimethylaminopropionitrile was a component of catalysts used in manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams. [LaDou, p. 500]

Production of catalysts containing this chemical was discontinued after 1978; [Ladou, p. 500]

NIAX CATALYST ESN (MIXT OF 95% DMAPN/DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE & 5% A-99/BIS-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL ETHER) WAS CATALYST USED IN PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE FOAM.

Use as a polymerization stimulator in the production of polyacrylamide gels

2023: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb；2022: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb；2021: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb；2020: 8,500,000 - <25,000,000 lb

(1977) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1979) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Propanenitrile, 3-(dimethylamino)-: ACTIVE