Kupferhydroxid

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

3.37

3.368 @25 °C

Blue to blue green gel or light blue crystalline powder

Blue-green powder

Sol in acids, ammonium hydroxide; sol in concn alkali when freshly precipitated.

Soluble in acid solutions, concentrated alkaline solutions

Soluble in ammonium hydroxide

Readily soluble in aqueous ammonia; insoluble in organic solvents.

For more Solubility (Complete) data for COPPER(II) HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.1% (1 of 814) of reports.

Danger

H302 (99.9%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

Commission Regulation No 844/2012

2009/37/EC, Reg. (EU) 2020/1093, Reg. (EU) No 2018/1981, Reg. (EU) No 232/2015, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011, Reg.(EU) No 84/2018

Status: Active Update: 22-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14119

Copper hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Toxic after ingestion or inhalation; [Hawley] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [MSDSonline] Acute copper poisoning after ingestion can cause liver injury, methemoglobinemia, and hemolytic anemia. Acute renal failure may result, secondary to massive hemoglobinuria. [Goldfrank, p. 1259] See Copper.

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added are levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Copper; Source compound: copper hydroxide. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

Acute Tox. 4 (99.9%)

Acute toxicity (inhalation) - category 2

Acute Tox. 2

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

1.0 [mg/m3], as Cu

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m /Copper dusts and mists, as Cu/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Copper dusts and mists, as Cu/

1.5 [mg/m3]

16 [mg/m3]

97 [mg/m3]

For healthy, non-occupationally-exposed humans the major route of exposure to copper is oral. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg. ... In some cases, drinking water may make a substantial additional contribution to the total daily intake of copper, particularly in households where corrosive waters have stood in copper pipes. ... All other intakes of copper (inhalation and dermal) are insignificant in comparison to the oral route. Inhalation adds 0.3-2.0 ug/day from dusts and smoke. Women using copper IUDs are exposed to only 80ug or less of copper per day from this source. The homeostasis of copper involves the dual essentiality and toxicity of the element. Its essentiality arises from its specific incorporation into a large number of proteins for catalytic and structural purposes. The cellular pathways of uptake, incorporation into protein and export of copper are conserved in mammals and modulated by the metal itself. Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. From 20 to 60% of the dietary copper is absorbed, with the rest being excreted through the feces. Once the metal passes through the basolateral membrane it is transported to the liver bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homeostatis. The copper is partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The primary route of excretion is through the bile. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular weight complexes. ... The biochemical toxicity of copper, when it exceeds homeostatic control, is derived from its effects on the structure and function of biomolecules, such as DNA, membranes and proteins directly or through oxygen-radical mechanisms. The toxicity of a single oral dose of copper varies widely between species. ... The major soluble salts (copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) chloride) are generally more toxic than the less soluble salts (copper(II) hydroxide, copper (II) oxide). Death is preceded by gastric hemorrhage, tachycardia, hypotension, hemolytic crisis, convulsions and paralysis. ... Long-term exposure in rats and mice showed no overt signs of toxicity other than a dose-related reduction in growth after ingestion ... The effects included inflammation of the liver and degeneration of kidney tubule epithelium. ... Some testicular degeneration and reduced neonatal body and organ weights were seen in rats ... and fetotoxic effects and malformations were seen at high dose levels. ... Neurochemical changes have been reported after oral administration ... A limited number of immunotoxicity studies showed humoral and cell-mediated immune function impairment in mice after oral intakes in drinking-water ... Copper is an essential element and adverse health effects /in humans/ are related to deficiency as well as excess. Copper deficiency is associated with anemia, neutropenia and bone abnormalities but clinically evident deficiency is relatively infrequent in humans. .. Except for occasional acute incidents of copper poisoning, few effects are noted in normal /human/ populations. Effects of single exposure following suicidal or accidental oral exposure have been reported as metallic taste, epigastric pain, headache, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea, tachycardia, respiratory difficulty, hemolytic anemia, hematuria, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, liver and kidney failure, and death. Gastrointestinal effects have also resulted from single and repeated ingestion of drinking-water containing high copper concentrations, and liver failure has been reported following chronic ingestion of copper. Dermal exposure has not been associated with systemic toxicity but copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. Metal fume fever from inhalation of high concentrations in the air in occupational settings have been reported ... A number of groups are described where apparent disorders in copper homeostasis result in greater sensitivity to copper deficit or excess than the general population. Some disorders have a well-defined genetic basis. These include Menkes disease, a generally fatal manifestation of copper deficiency; Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration), a condition leading to progressive accumulation of copper; and hereditary aceruloplasminemia, with clinical symptoms of copper overload. Indian childhood cirrhosis and idiopathic copper toxicosis are conditions related to excess copper which may be associated with genetically based copper sensitivity ... These are fatal conditions in early childhood where copper accumulates in the liver. ... Other groups potentially sensitive to copper excess are hemodialysis patients and subjects with chronic liver disease. Groups at risk of copper deficiency include infants (particularly low birth weight/preterm babies, children recovering from malnutrition, and babies fed exclusively with cow's milk), people with maladsorption syndrome (e.g., celiac disease, sprue, cystic fibrosis), and patients on total parenteral nutrition. Copper deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The adverse effects of copper must be balanced against its essentiality. Copper is an essential element for all biota ... At least 12 major proteins require copper as an integral part of their structure. It is essential for the utilization of iron in the formation of hemoglobin, and most crustaceans and molluscs possess the copper-containing hemocyanin as their main oxygen-carrying blood protein. ... A critical factor in assessing the hazard of copper is its bioavailablity. Adsorption of copper to particles and complexation by organic matter can greatly limit the degree to which copper will be accumulated ... At many sites, physiochemical factors limiting bioavailability will warrant higher copper limits. ...

Chronic poisoning is not uncommon in sheep grazed in orchards in which fruit sprays containing copper have been used. The spraying program is usually adjusted so that sheep are not introduced into the area until at least 5 days after the last spraying. Cases of poisoning are often accompanied by a history of dry weather, with no growth of herbage, so that animals are forced to consume old grass heavily contaminated with copper. /Copper containing pesticides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Copper and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine, hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Copper and related compounds/

LD50 Rat oral 1000 mg/kg body weight /from table/

LC50 Rabbit inhalation >1303 mg Cu/cu m

Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added are levels consistent with good feeding practice. Element: Copper; Source compound: copper hydroxide. (All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.)

Ionic copper is absorbed from the stomach, duodenum, & jejunum. The initial absorption is about 30%, but the effective net absorption is only about 5% due to excretion of copper into the bile; biliary copper is bound to protein, & this complex is not reabsorbed. Absorption is influenced by a number of factors including the chemical forms of copper: oxides, hydroxides, iodides, glutamates, citrates, & pyrophosphates of copper are readily absorbed, but copper sulfides & other water insoluble salts are poorly absorbed. Copper complexes of some amino acids are easily absorbed, whereas copper porphyrins present in meat are very poorly absorbed. /Soluble copper salts/

Used to make rayon, battery electrodes, fungicides/insecticides, and other copper salts; Also used as a dye mordant, paper colorant, pigment, feed additive, and catalyst; [Merck Index]

Battery Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

For Copper (II) hydroxide (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 023401) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

In manufacture of rayon, battery electrodes, other copper salts; as mordant in dyeing; as pigment; in fungicides, insecticides; as feed additive; in treating and staining paper; in prepn of Schweitzer's reagent; in catalysts.

Used as an active precursor in the production of copper(II) compounds. Ammonia-processed copper(II) hydroxide is used in the production of copper(II) naphthenate, copper(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, and copper soaps. Ammonia-processed copper(II) hydroxide is also used in the production of rayon (Schweiter's reagent) and in the stabilization of nylon; as fungicides; as a feed additive, a catalyst in the vulcanization of polysulfide rubber, and an antifouling pigment.

Used as fungicide against bacterial soft spot (Erwinia) on lettuce (foliar treatment), against bacterial spot (Xanthomonas pruni) on peaches (dormant and foliar treatment), against leaf and stem blight and storage rot on cranberries (dormant application) and against cranberry hard rot (cottonball, Monilinia oxycocci) on cranberries (delayed dormant application). /Kocide 101/

Commercial prepn: Furness, US patent 1,800,828 (1931 to Cellosilk); Furness, US reissue patent 24,324 (1957 to Copper Research); Rowe, US patent 2,536,096 (1951 to Mountain Copper); laboratory prepn: Weiser et al, J Am Chem Soc 64: 503 (1942); Gauthier, Bull Soc Chim France (1960) p.353.

Interaction of a soln of a copper salt with an alkali.

Produced by the reaction of copper salt solution and sodium hydroxide.

A preferred method for making a stabilized form ... is to electrolyze a copper anode in an electrolyte containing sodium sulfate and trisodium phosphate.

For more Methods of Manufacturing (Complete) data for COPPER(II) HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 023401; Trade Names: Kocide 101; Criscobre; Comac parasol; Kocide; Cuidrox; Cudrox; and Cupravit blue.

Dry flowable, flowable, micro flowable, water dispersible granules, wettable powder

Grade: Technical

Technical Hydrox; 90.0% copper hydroxide, technical chemical.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for COPPER(II) HYDROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.