Kaliumgluconat

Between 7,0 and 8,3 (10 % solution)

AQ SOLN ARE ALKALINE TO LITMUS & HAVE PH OF 7.5-8.5

Odourless, free flowing white to yellowish white, crystalline powder or granules

Yellowish white solid; [Merck Index] Crystalline powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 98.8% (83 of 84) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 84 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: D-Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt

Status: Active Update: 12-02-2016 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/10349

Potassium gluconate: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

No significant adverse effects in chronic studies of animals; Reproductive studies negative; No data available on carcinogenicity or inhalation toxicity; [OECD SIDS: Gluconic acid and its derivatives - 2004] No information on reproductive or lactation effects; [REPROTOX] May cause irritation; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

Potassium is an essential nutrient. It is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid, where it plays a key role in maintaining cell function, especially in excitable cells such as skeletal muscles, the heart, and nerves. Increases in interstitial potassium play an important role in eliciting rapid vasodilation, allowing for blood flow to increase in exercising muscle.

Potassium is the most abundant cation (approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter) within human cells. Intracellular sodium content is relatively low. In the extracellular fluid, sodium predominates and the potassium content is low (3.5 to 5 mEq per liter). A membrane-bound enzyme, sodium-potassium–activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na +K +ATPase), actively transports or pumps sodium out and potassium into cells to maintain the concentration gradients. The intracellular to extracellular potassium gradients are necessary for nerve impulse signaling in such specialized tissues as the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle, and for the maintenance of physiologic renal function and maintenance of acid-base balance. High intracellular potassium concentrations are necessary for numerous cellular metabolic processes. Intracellular K+ serves as a reservoir to limit the fall in extracellular potassium concentrations occurring under pathologic conditions with loss of potassium from the body.

Potassium is rapidly and well absorbed. A 2016 dose-response trial found that humans absorb about 94% of potassium gluconate in supplements, and this absorption rate is similar to that of potassium from potatoes.

90% of potassium is eliminated via the kidneys. A small amount is eliminated in feces and sweat.

Distribution is largely intracellular, but it is the intravascular concentration that is primarily responsible for toxicity.

Potassium is freely filtered by the glomerulus in the kidney. The majority of filtered potassium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle. Less than 10% of the filtered load reaches the distal nephron. In the proximal tubule of the nephron, potassium absorption is mainly passive and proportional to Na+ and water. K+ reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle occurs through both transcellular and paracellular pathways. The transcellular component is regulated by potassium transport on the apical membrane Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter. The secretion of potassium begins in the early distal convoluted tubule of the nephron and progressively increases along the distal nephron into the cortical collecting duct. Most urinary K+ can be accounted for by electrogenic K+ secretion mediated by principal cells in the initial collecting duct and the cortical collecting duct. An electroneutral K+ and Cl− cotransport mechanism is also present on the apical surface of the distal nephron. Under conditions of potassium deficiency, reabsorption of the cation occurs in the collecting duct. This process is regulated by the upregulation in the apically located H+-K+-ATPase on α-intercalated cells.

CIR ingredient: Potassium Gluconate

Used as a chelating agent, high alkalinity bottle cleanser, finish remover, and in the tanning and textile industries; [Merck Index] Used for industrial cleaning, metal surface treatment, textile bleach stabilizing, aluminum processing, and as a chelating agent in cement set retarding, cleaning products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods; Also used as a potassium supplement in injection solutions; [OECD SIDS: Gluconic acid and its derivatives - 2004]

Aluminum Producing [Category: Industry]

MEDICATION

GLUCOSE MAY BE OXIDIZED TO GLUCONIC ACID BY VARIOUS PROCESSES, EG ELECTROLYTIC OXIDN OF ALKALINE SOLN, REACTION WITH HYPOBROMITES, OR BY FERMENTATION USING ASPERGILLUS NIGER OR VARIOUS OTHER MICROORGANISMS. NEUTRALIZATION WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PROVIDES THE OFFICIAL SALT.

Food additives

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; NUTRIENT_SUPPLEMENT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; NUTRIENT_SUPPLEMENT; YEAST_FOOD -> JECFA Functional Classes