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Alachlor (ISO)
CDMA · Metachlor · La20 · Lazo · Nudor · LASSO · Lariat · Alagan
Identifikatoren & physikalische Daten
| CAS No. | 1246817-91-3 |
|---|---|
| Summenformel | C14H20ClNO2 |
| Durchschnittliche Molmasse | 269,77 g/mol |
| Monoisotopische Masse | 269,11825656 g/mol |
| SMILES | CCc1cccc(CC)c1N(COC)C(=O)CCl |
| InChIKey | XCSGPAVHZFQHGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 2078 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1414154 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:2533 |
| EC No. | 110-976-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID1022265 |
| Lokaler Name | Alachlor (ISO) |
Chemische & physikalische Eigenschaften
| XLogP | 3,5 |
|---|---|
| Polarare Oberfläche (TPSA) | 29,5 |
| H-Brücken-Donoren | 0 |
| H-Brücken-Akzeptoren | 2 |
| Frei drehbare Bindungen | 6 |
| Schwere Atome | 18 |
| Formalladung | 0 |
| Komplexität | 248 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Fusion temperature |
| Pestizide | PesticidesPesticide -> EPA IRISAgrochemicals -> Pesticide active substancesActive substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approvedPesticides -> Herbicides, ChloracetanilideEnvironmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor) |
| LogP (Verteilungskoeffizient) | log Kow = 3.522.95 |
| Geruch | Odorless |
| Dichte | 1.133 at 25 °C/15.6 °C1.1 g/cm³d2515.6 1.133 |
| Color/Form | Colorless to white crystalline solidCream to wine-red colored solidColorless to yellow crystals |
| Löslichkeit | Soluble in diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetatesparingly soluble in heptaneIn water, 240 mg/L at 25 °C0.24 mg/mL at 25 °CSolubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.02 (very poor)DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml0.024 g/100 mL |
| Corrosivity | NO CORROSION TO NUMBER 316 & 304 STAINLESS STEEL, ALUMINUM & HERESITECORROSIVE TO STEEL & BLACK IRON |
| Flammpunkt | 137 °C c.c.278.6 °F (closed cup)-18 °C |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| Siedepunkt | 100 °C at 0.02 mm Hg135 °C at 0.3 mm Hgat 101.3kPa: >400 °C212 °F at 0.02 mmHg100°C (0.02 mmHg) |
| Decomposition | When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides/. |
| Schmelzpunkt | 39-42°C |
| Brechungsindex | 1.5388 (estimate) |
| Lagerbedingungen | 2-8°C |
| pKa (Säurekonstante) | 1.20±0.50(Predicted) |
| Merck | 13,201 |
| BRN | 2944476 |
| Henry-Konstante | 6.7×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Muir et al. (2004) |
| Hauptanwendungen | agriculturecleaning productscosmeticsenvironmentalfood and beveragespersonal care |
| InChI | 1S/C14H20ClNO2/c1-4-11-7-6-8-12(5-2)14(11)16(10-18-3)13(17)9-15/h6-8H,4-5,9-10H2,1-3H3 |
| InChIKey | XCSGPAVHZFQHGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CCc1cccc(CC)c1N(COC)C(=O)CCl |
| CAS Datenbank | 15972-60-8(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST chemische Informationen | Alachlor(15972-60-8) |
| EPA chemische Informationen | Alachlor (15972-60-8) |
Sicherheit & Vorschriften
| GHS-Einstufung | WarningH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P203, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| Regulatorische Informationen | Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityHepatotoxicity and Digestive System ToxicityOcular ToxicityOther Toxicological Hazard Traits06/966/ECAlachlor: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| Weitere Sicherheitsinformationen | IMAP assessments - Acetamide, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-: Environment tier I assessment |
| DOT-Kennzeichnung | Poison |
| Brandgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. |
| Gesundheitsgefahren | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Gefahrenübersicht | Allergic contact dermatitis rarely reported in farmworkers[Kanerva, p. 1746] The following herbicides have an oral LD50 of >1 gm/kg and have little or no acute toxicity in humans: Alachlor, Amitrole, Ammonium sulfamate, Atrazine, Dalapon, Dicamba, Glyphosphate, Monuron, Oryzalin, Picloram, Propanil, Simazine, etc. [LaDou, p. 613] Alachlor is a Restricted Use Pesticide that is classified as slightly toxic. In chronic feeding studies of experimental animals, it causes injury to the liver and kidneys. [EXTOXNET] A dermal sensitizer[ACGIH] |
| Reaktive Gruppe | Amides and Imides |
| EG-Einstufung | Symbol: Xn, NR: 22-40-43-50/53S: (2)-36/37-46-60-61 |
| UN-Einstufung | UN Hazard Class: 9UN Pack Group: III |
| Special Reports | US EPACumulative Risk from Chloroacetanilide Pesticides. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs Health Effects Division, 74 p (March 8, 2006).USEPA/Office of Pesticide ProgramsReregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Alachlor. p.27 (December 1998). This Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document (RED) addresses the reregistration eligibility of the pesticide alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide, an herbicide used for weed control on corn, soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, and beans.[Available from, as of January 30, 2007: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]European Chemicals BureauIUCLID Dataset, Alachlor (15972-60-8) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from the database query page: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/esis.php?PGM=ein&DEPUIS=autre as of January 30, 2007Call DJ et alToxicity, bioconcentration, and metabolism of five herbicides in freshwater fish. (1983) EPA-600/3-83-096 Acute and early life-stage toxicities were determined for the herbicides alachlor, bromacil, dinoseb, diuron, and propanil with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Uptake, bioconcentration potential, and elimination of (14)C-labeled herbicides were studied in the same species, and in vivo metabolism of radiolabeled herbicides were determined with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdner) and fathead minnows. In vitro metabolism was studied with the rainbow trout liver homogenates.Junk GA et alDegradation of Pesticides in Controlled Water-soil Systems. ACS Symp Ser 259: ISS Treat Disposal Pestic Wastes 37-67 (1984). A review with 42 references of degradation pathways of 6 pesticides, including alachlor in controlled water-soil systems. |
| FIFRA-Anforderungen | Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide) and its metabolites (calculated as alachlor) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: [Table#2684]Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether products containing the active ingredients are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e. active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing alachlor as an active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing alachlor.As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Alachlor is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0063Pesticide type: herbicideRegistration Standard Date: 11/20/84Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.Active ingredient (AI): AlachlorData Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 08/28/91, 10/13/95AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. |
| Reactivity Profile | A halogenated acetamide. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx). |
| Brandbekämpfung | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. |
| Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahmen | Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| Erste Hilfe | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Sichere Lagerung | Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and incompatible materials. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. |
| Brandbekämpfungsverfahren | This chemical is not flammable, but may support combustion. Stay upwind of fire. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire including nitrogen oxides and chlorine. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. |
| Lagerbedingungen | Minimum storage temperature: 32 °F. Incompatible materials for storage: mild steel, PVC. Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. Keep away from living quarters. Keep away from food, drink and animal feed. Keep only in the original container. Keep away from sources of ignition (sparks, flame, etc.). Keep container tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place. Protect from frost. ... If frozen, place in warm room and shake frequently to put back into solution. /INTRRO/DO NOT STORE NEAR HEAT OR OPEN FLAME.Store in original container only. Do not contaminate water, seed or feed by storage. ... Keep away from children. |
| Reinigungsverfahren | Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions. Use personal protection recommended /for this product/. Environmental precautions. Minimize spread. Keep out of drains, sewers, ditches and water ways. Notify authorities. Methods for cleaning up. Absorb in earth, sand or absorbent material. Dig up heavily contaminated soil. Collect in containers for reclamation or disposal. ... Wash spill area with detergent and water. Minimize use of water to prevent environmental contamination. /INTRRO/ |
| Freisetung ohne Brand | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Entsorgungsverfahren | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. |
| Verschüttetes entsorgen | Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| Preventive Measures | Handling. Good industrial practice in housekeeping and personal hygiene should be followed. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Do not taste or swallow. When using do not eat, drink or smoke. Wash hands thoroughly after handling or contact. Wash contaminated clothing before re-use. Thoroughly clean equipment after use. Do not contaminate drains, sewers and water ways when disposing of equipment rinse water. Emptied containers retain vapor and product residue. Follow labelled warnings even after container is emptied. Do not cut, drill, grind or weld on or near this container. /INTRRO/AGRICULTURE USE REQUIREMENT: Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. ... Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. Exception: if the product is soil-injected or soil incorporated, the Worker Protection Standard, under certain circumstances, allows workers to enter the treated area if there will be no contact with anything that has been treated. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated such as plants, soil, or water is: coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves, made of any waterproof material, and shoes plus socks. /INTRRO/FIRST AID MEASURES: Eye contact. If in eyes, hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. Skin contact. Take off contaminated clothing. RInse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. Calll a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. Sensitized persons should avoid further contact and reuse of contaminated clothing. Inhalation. If inhaled, move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call emergency number or ambulance, then give artificial respiration ... . Ingestion. Call poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by the poison center or doctor. Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Advice to doctors. This product may pose an aspiration pneumonia hazard. Contains petroleum distillates. Probable mucosal damage may contra-indicate gastric lavage. /INTRRO/This product may not be mixed or loaded within 50 feet of perennial or intermittent streams and rivers, natural or impounded lakes and resevoirs. This product may not be mixed/loaded or used within 50 feet of all wells, including abandoned wells (unless the well has been properly capped or plugged), drainage wells, and sink holes. Operations that involve mixing, loading, rinsing, or washing of this product into or from pesticide handling or application equipment or containers within 50 feet of any well are prohibited unless conducted on an impervious pad constructed to withstand the weight of the heaviest load that may be positioned on or moved across the pad. Such a pad shall be designed and maintained to contain any product spills or equipment leaks, container or equipment rinse or washwather, and rain water that may fall on the pad. Surface water shall not be allowed to either flow over or from the pad ... /INTRRO/Flush eyes with water. Wash skin with plenty of soap and water. |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]: |
| Zielorgane | Hematologic |
| Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen | ARDS/acute lung injury, burns of the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract can result from acetochlor poisoning (T36). |
| Ökotoxizitätswerte | LC50 Cyprinus carpio (Carp, 1 yr old, weight 10 g) 7.14 mg/L/48 hr at 18-20 °C, pH 6.9LC50 Cyprinus carpio (Carp, 1 yr old, weight 10 g) 4.60 mg/L/96 hr at 18-20 °C, pH 6.9LD50 Procambarus acutus (Crayfish) 19.5 ppm in 96 hrLC50 Phasianus sp (Pheasant) oral greater than 10000 ppm (8 day feeding)For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ALACHLOR (35 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Umweltverhalten | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 120 to 2,138(2,3) indicate that alachlor is expected to have high to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alachlor from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.2X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(4). Alachlor is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.20X10-5 mm Hg(5). When incorporated into soil samples, alachlor degraded 22 to 39% following 8-hour exposure to 8 hr sunlight, the rate of degradation being enhanced by low pH and low soil organic matter(5). Alachlor applied at 2 ppm to silt, loamy sand, and silt loam soils incubated in the dark at 25 °C and 75% field moisture capacity for 175 days degraded with estimated half-lives ranging from 2-3 weeks(6). The four major degradates identified were alachlor DM-oxanilic acid, alachlor oxanilic acid, alachlor ESA, and 2'6'-diehtyl-2-hydrodroxy-N-methoxymethylacetanilidenine other degradates were also identified, and all 15 were at less than or equal to 10% of the applied alachlor(6). A first-order degradation rate of 0.14/day measured using an anaerobic sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant inoculum(7) suggests that the compound may degrade rapidly under anaerobic conditions(SRC).TERRESTRIAL FATE: The persistence of alachlor was studied using lab and field experiments. Half-lives in sandy loam soil incubated at 25 °C were 23.0, 8.3, 7.4 and 5.7 days at 6, 9, 12 and 15% moisture (w/w), 16.5 days at 15 °C and 12% w/w moisture, 38.6 days at 5 °C and 12% moisture w/w(1). Persistence of the five acetanilide herbicides studied were in the order: propachlor less than alachlor which was equal to dimethachlor which was less than metazachlor and metazachlor was less than metolachlor. An increase in temperature by 10 degrees reduced the half-life by a factor of 1.9-2.5. The Arrhenius activation energy for alachlor was 57.0 kJ/mol(1). Under field conditions (1.0 kg active ingredient/hectacre on vegetation-free plots of sandy loam soil), days required for 50% and 80% loss in experiments prepared on June 8, 1981 were 24 and 48, respectivelyon April 24, 1982, 27 and 37 days, respectivelyon June 8, 1982, 11 and 21 days respectively(1).Terrestrial fate: The half-life of alachlor in soils was found to be 7 to 14 days. Four major metabolites of alachlor were observed but only two were identified: 2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide and 1-chloro-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-7-ethylindole.AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 120 to 2,138(2,3), indicate that alachlor may adsorb to some suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.32X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(4). Alachlor is stable to hydrolysis and photolysis in water(5). A 1% degradation in 135 minutes of alachlor in aqueous solution irradiated with light from 300 nm sunlamps suggests that photolysis in water is a slow environmental fate process(10). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 6(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Degradation of alachlor water is not an important environmental fate process(SRC) as suggested by a remaining 88.8% of applied to non-sterile lake water after 30 days(5)microorganisms in sewage and eutrophic lake water transformed 10-21% of alachlor to 4-6 unidentified products in 6 weeks(10). However, first-order degradation rate of 0.14/day measured using an anaerobic sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant inoculum(8) suggests that the compound may degrade rapidly under anaerobic conditions(SRC). In a model ecosystem, 98.2% of alachlor transformed to 8 unidentified products in 33 days(9).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alachlor, which has a vapor pressure of 2.20X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase alachlor is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.85X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase alachlor may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Alachlor does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). |
| Lebensmitteluntersuchungswerte | The Food and Drug Administration's regulatory monitoring program detected alachlor in raw agricultural commodities collected in the United States during 1978-1982(1). However, neither the commodities that contained alachlor nor the levels in these commodities were reported(1). In 1989, the California Dept. of Food and Agriculture analyzed string beans, lima beans, blackeye beans, pop corn and sweet corn for alachlor residue(2). At a detection limit of 0.2 ppm, alachlor was not detected in any of these commodities(2). |
| Unerwünschte Wirkungen | Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation. |
| Expositionspfade | The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion and by inhalation of its aerosol.oral (L922)dermal (L922) |
| Toxizitätsübersicht | Its mode of action is elongase inhibition, and inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclisation enzymes. It is also know to inhibit biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipids, protein, isoprenoids, flavonoids, and gibberellins. (L921, L923). |
| Ökotoxizitätsauszüge | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Avian reproduction studies were conducted with bobwhite quail and mallard ducks in which the birds were exposed to dietary concentrations up to 1,000 ppm for 22 and 24 weeks, respectively. Bobwhite: There was no statistically significant effect on egg production or eggshell thickness at any dietary concentration. There was a significant reduction in reproductive performance and offspring body weight at the highest dietary concentration of 1,000 ppm alachlor. Reduced reproductive performance resulted from significant reductions in embryo viability and offspring survival. Mallard: There was no statistically significant effect of dietary Alachlor exposure on egg production or eggshell thickness observed at any dietary concentration. There was a significant reduction in reproductive performance and offspring body weight at the highest dietary concentration of 1,000 ppm. Reduced reproductive performance at this level primarily resulted from a statistically significant reduction in embryo viability. Non-statistically significant reductions in hatchability of 3-week embryos and egg production contributed to the lowered reproductive performance. There was no effect on reproductive performance at the mid dietary level of 150 ppm. There was a reduction in offspring body weights on the day of hatching at 150 ppmhowever, this was no longer evident by day 14 post-hatch./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of intoxication /in male mallards 3 mo of age admin orally more than 2000 mg/kg, acute/: ataxia, goose stepping ataxia, imbalance, slowness, and tenseness. Signs appeared as soon as 25 min and persisted up to 2 days after treatment. /Sample purity 88.5%//AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effects of a single pulse, 21-day exposure of the commonly used herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethyl acetanilide) on an algal community from a typical agricultural stream in Nebraska were studied using 18 stream microcosms located in a greenhouse, at six alachlor concentrations (0, 1, 10, 30, 100, and 1,000 ug/L). Effects of alachlor exposure at 1.0 ug/L were not significant (p<0.05)however, at all other concentrations, alachlor had a significant negative effect on algal biomass. Differential taxonomic responses were observed, with approximately half the dominant algal taxa affected at levels >10 ug/L. Some taxa recovered from exposure by day 7, while others took longer or did not recover. A shift in the dominant algae was observed at higher concentrations (30, 100, 1,000 ug/L), and after 21 days these streams exhibited total algal cell densities significantly lower than the control and 1.0-ug/L-level streams./AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Embryos at midblastula to early gastrula stages of a locally abundant African clawed frog Xenopus laevis were used as test organisms. The embryos were exposed to the test chemicals for 96 hr in each experiment. Alachlor is more embryotoxic (the concentration causing 50% embryo lethality, 96-hr LC50 = 23 uM [6.1 mg/L]) and teratogenic (teratogenic index [TI] = 1.7) than metolachlor (96-hr LC50 = 48 uM [13.6 mg/L], TI = 0.2). The degradation products of alachlor and metolachlor, respectively, 2,6-diethylaniline (96-hr LC50 = 13 uM [19.4 mg/L], TI = 2.1) and 2-ethyl-6-methyaniline (96-hr LC50 = 509 uM [68.8 mg/L], TI = 2.7), are less embryotoxic but more teratogenic than their parent compounds. The most common teratogenic effects observed were edema for alachlor as opposed to axial flexures and eye abnormalities for 2,6-diethylaniline and 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ALACHLOR (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Plant Concentrations | In a laboratory greenhouse experiment, azalea leaves (Azlea indica) absorbed 2.85X10+5 times higher concentration of alachlor than present in the vapor phase at equilibrium(1). Plant uptake of alachlor from soil via root was found to be proportional to the water volume transpired by the plants(2). The uptake of alachlor in corn was 12.5% of that applied to a plot(2). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Redness. Pain.Alachlor is mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. Exposure to metalaxyl often results in such nonspecific symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea. Alachlor poisoning can produce an allergic hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure (T36). |
| Acute Toxicity Link | Chemical: ALACHLOR |
| Landesrichtlinien für Trinkwasser | (AZ) ARIZONA 0.15 ug/l(ME) MAINE 7 ug/l(MN) MINNESOTA 5 ug/L(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/L /Alachlor-ESA (ethane sulfonic acid)/(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/L /Alachlor-OXA (oxanilic acid)/ |
| Federal Drinking Water Standards | EPA 2 ug/l |
| Wassergefährdungsklasse (WGK) | 3 |
| UN-Transportnummer | UN 3077 |
| RTECS-Nr. | AE1225000 |
| R-Sätze (R) | 22-40-43-50/53-67-65-38-11-52/53-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-51/53 |
| Toxizität | LD50 orally in rats: 1200 mg/kg (Evans) |
| Gefahrensymbole | XnN,N,Xn,F,T |
| Sicherheitshinweise (S) | 36/37-46-60-61-62-45-16 |
| Gefahrenklasse | 9Acute Tox. 4 OralAquatic Acute 1Aquatic Chronic 1Carc. 2Skin Sens. 1 |
| Verpackungsgruppe | III |
| Lagerklasse | 11 - Combustible Solids |
| Gefahrstoffdaten | 15972-60-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Anwendungen & Verwendung
Beschreibung
Alachlor is a herbicide. Occupational contact dermatitis was rarely observed in agricultural workers.
Verwenden
Alachlor is used pre- or early post-emergence to control annual grasses and many broadleaved weeds mainly in maize, but also in cotton, brassicas, oilseed rape, peanuts, radish, soy beans, and sugar-cane.