Germaniumtetrahydrid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 119 [Gases - Toxic - Flammable]:

Shut off supply; if not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with carbon dioxide, dry powder. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Germanium tetrahydride:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Personal precautions: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods for cleaning up: Wipe up with absorbent material (e.g. cloth, fleece).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation

Headache. Weakness. Dizziness. Abdominal pain. Confusion. Dark urine. Symptoms may be delayed.

malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), headache, dizziness, fainting; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); nausea, vomiting; kidney injury; hemolytic effects

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Exposures to 6800 mg/cu m (approx. 2130 ppm) for 1 hour, 610 mg/cu m (approx. 190 ppm) for 30 minutes, 580 mg/cu m (approx. 180 ppm) for 1 hour, or 480 mg/cu m (approx. 150 ppm) for 1 hour were lethal to mice (time of death: within 1, 8, 13 hours and 1 day, resp). Dyspnea was observed in these animals. Guinea pigs survived a 1-hour exposure to 480 mg/cu m (approx. 150 ppm), but not to 580 mg/cu m (approx. 180 ppm) (time of death: within 4 days). In both experiments, hemoglobinuria was seen, while from the first experiment, dyspnea and pneumonia were reported. Some dyspnea was observed in a rabbit surviving a 1-hour exposure to 310 mg/cu m (100 ppm) (all experiments were performed with one animal only)

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The 2 hour-LC50 in mice was 1380 mg/cu m. In this study (reported in Russian), clinical signs were dyspnea, convulsion, and coma. Autopsy revealed congested internal organs, hemorrhages, nerve cell vacuolization, and degenerative changes in the cells of parenchymal organs. In guinea pigs exposed for 4 hours to 260-1400 mg/cu m (approximately 80-480 ppm), similar (histo)pathological changes were seen.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 4-hr inhalation of 195 ppm germanium tetrahydride was lethal to mice; exposures at 445 to 825 ppm produced degenerative changes in liver and kidneys of rodents; and neurotoxicity was reported in mice prior to death following acute inhalation at 635 ppm.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... No visible signs of toxicity were observed in rats exposed to 13-170 mg/cu m (approx. 4-53 ppm), 4 hours/day, for 30 days. Autopsy revealed traces of occasional hemorrhages with gliotic nodules in the brain

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ General toxicity of germanium is low, except for the tetrahydride germane, and few observations on toxicity of germanium in /humans/ exist. ... Germanium compounds have no mutagenic activity and may, under certain conditions, inhibit the mutagenic activity of other substances. High doses of germanium may result in an increased embryonic resorption, but possible malformations have been reported only after administration of dimethyl germanium oxide to pregnant animals.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Arsine and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . /Arsine and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Administer furosemide (Lasix) ... .Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR). Titrate flow to maintain urine output. Treat hypotension with cautious fluid administration. Vasopressors should be used only if fluid administration can not maintain an adequate blood pressure. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer sodium bicarbonate IV push, BY DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER. This will alkalinize the urine and prevent hemoglobin precipitation and acute renal failure ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Arsine and related compounds/

Germane

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Weapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques.