Cromoglicinsure

Studies demonstrating a lack of ion pair formation between sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) and alkylbenzdimethylamonium ions in rat intestine are briefly discussed. /Cromolyn sodium/

An analysis of the absorption and desorption isotherms for sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) and cromolyn sodium lactose moisture uptake is presented. Up to 15% moisture content had no effect on the tensile and shear properties of cromolyn sodium, due to adsorption into the interior of cromolyn sodium, leaving little absorbed moisture on the surface of the particles.

The mechanism of action of the mast cell stabilizers sodium cromoglycate and FPL-52694 as protective agents against ethanol induced gastric mucosal damage was investigated in the rat. Using an ex vivo gastric chamber model, various concn (l0-80 mg/ml) of the two agents were applied to the gastric mucosa prior to exposure to 40% ethanol. Both agents significantly reduced ethanol induced damage in a dose dependent manner. When given orally (80 mg/kg) both agents significantly reduced gastric damage induced by subsequent oral administration of absolute ethanol. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not significantly affect the protection afforded by FPL-52694, but did cause a partial reversal of the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate. Changes in gastric leukotriene C4 synthesis did not correlate with the protective effects of the two agents. Both mucosal and connective tissue mast cell numbers were significantly reduced following oral ethanol administration. In the groups pretreated with FPL-52694 or sodium cromoglycate, mucosal mast cell numbers were not significantly different from those in rats not treated with ethanol. Furthermore, the connective tissue mast cell numbers were significantly lower than in ethanol treated control rats, despite a greater than 95% reduction of ethanol induced hemorrhagic damage. These results therefore suggest that stimulation of gastric prostaglandin synthesis is not important in the mechanism of action of FPL-52694, and neither agent appears to reduce damage through a mechanism related to effects on gastric leukotriene C4 synthesis. The present studies further suggest that the protection afforded by pretreatment with sodium cromoglycate or FPL-52694 may be unrelated to effects of these agents on the connective tissue mast cell population in the stomach. /Sodium cromoglycate/

The effect of histamine on the absorption and clearance of inhaled cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate) was examined in 7 mildly asthmatic patients with hyperresponsive airways and 8 normal subjects who inhaled either placebo or histamine followed by cromolyn. In the asthmatic group histamine inhalation led to a mean 24% reduction in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second but had no effect on the normal subjects. When compared with the inhaled placebo, histamine incr the initial pulmonary absorption of cromolyn without influencing the total amount of drug absorbed in both asthmatics and normals. These observations suggest that the pharmacokinetics of the inhaled drug may be altered significantly by inflammatory mediators present at the site of drug absorption from the airways. /Cromolyn sodium/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for CROMOLYN (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Cromoglicate

vLess-DILI-concern

3

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

...INCR FETAL RESORPTION & DECR FETAL WEIGHT /IN ANIMALS/ WERE OBSERVED @ DOSAGES THAT PRODUCED MATERNAL TOXICITY. /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

RENAL TOXICITY HAS BEEN REPORTED IN ANIMALS... /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

NO TERATOGENIC EFFECTS HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN ANIMALS, EVEN AFTER DAILY IV ADMIN OF ENORMOUS DOSES OF CROMOLYN THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY. /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

Reproduction studies in mice, rats, and rabbits with cromolyn administered parenterally in doses of up to 338 times the human clinical dose showed no evidence of fetal malformations. Adverse fetal effects (increased resorptions and decreased fetal weight) were noted only with very high parenteral doses that produced maternal toxicity.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CROMOLYN (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

MEDICATION

MEDICATION (VET)

Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009): >750

2,6-DIHYDROXYACETOPHENONE /REACTS/ WITH EPICHLOROHYDRIN IN PRESENCE OF BASIC CATALYST TO YIELD... 2'2'''-((2-HYDROXYTRIMETHYLENE)DIOXY)BIS(6'-HYDROXYACETOPHENONE). REACTION WITH DIETHYL OXALATE EFFECTS DEHYDRATION & DEETHANOLATION OF EACH HYDROXYACETOPHENONE PORTION.../ETHYL ESTERS ARE/...SAPONIFIED WITH NAOH. /2NA/

2,6-Dihydroxyacetaphenone + epichlorohydrin + diethyl oxalate (epoxidation/ether formation/condensation/saponification)

DSCG, SODIUM CHROMOGLYCATE /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

CROMOLYN SODIUM SALT /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

Cromolyn sodium, disodium cromoglycate, DSCG, FPL-670, Aarane, Alercrom, Alerion, Allergocrom, Colimune, Cromovet, Fivent, Gastrofrenal, Inostral, Intal, Introl, Irtan, Lomudal, Lomupren, Lomusol, Lomuspray, Nalcrom, Nalcron, Nasalcrom, Nasmil, Opticrom, Opticron, Rynacrom, Sofro, Vividrin /Cromolyn disodium/

US PATENT 3,419,578. /CROMOLYN DISODIUM/

Available commercially as the disodium salt.