Nilutamide

Pharmaceuticals -> Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents -> Antineoplastic agents

Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Hormones and antihormones

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P318, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 41 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

In large registration clinical trials, ALT elevations occurred in 8% (range 2% to 33%) of patients during nilutamide therapy. The elevations were usually mild, asymptomatic and transient, requiring drug discontinuation in only 1% of treated patients. In rare instances, clinically apparent acute liver injury has occurred during nilutamide therapy, but the number of published cases are few, and the agent appears to be less hepatotoxic than flutamide. Nevertheless, fatal cases have been reported (Case 1). In reported cases, the latency to onset averaged 2 to 4 months and the clinical pattern of enzyme elevations was typically hepatocellular, thus largely resembling flutamide induced liver injury. Signs of hypersensitivity and autoimmunity were not common.

Nilutamide competes with androgen for the binding of androgen receptors, consequently blocking the action of androgens of adrenal and testicular origin that stimulate the growth of normal and malignant prostatic tissue. This blockade of androgen receptors may result in growth arrest or transient tumor regression through inhibition of androgen-dependent DNA and protein synthesis.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Nilutamide

vMost-DILI-concern

8

Warnings & precautions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents

QL - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents

Nilutamide is an antineoplastic hormonal agent primarily used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Nilutamide is a pure, nonsteroidal anti-androgen with affinity for androgen receptors (but not for progestogen, estrogen, or glucocorticoid receptors). Consequently, Nilutamide blocks the action of androgens of adrenal and testicular origin that stimulate the growth of normal and malignant prostatic tissue. Prostate cancer is mostly androgen-dependent and can be treated with surgical or chemical castration. To date, antiandrogen monotherapy has not consistently been shown to be equivalent to castration. The relative binding affinity of nilutamide at the androgen receptor is less than that of bicalutamide, but similar to that of hydroxuflutamide.

Nilutamide competes with androgen for the binding of androgen receptors, consequently blocking the action of androgens of adrenal and testicular origin that stimulate the growth of normal and malignant prostatic tissue. This blockade of androgen receptors may result in growth arrest or transient tumor regression through inhibition of androgen-dependent DNA and protein synthesis.

The results of a human metabolism study using 14C-radiolabelled tablets show that nilutamide is extensively metabolized and less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged in urine after 5 days.

The results of a human metabolism study using 14C-radiolabelled tablets show that nilutamide is extensively metabolized and less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged in urine after 5 days. Route of Elimination: Nilutamide is extensively metabolized andless than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged in urine after 5 days. Fecal elimination is negligible, ranging from 1.4% to 7% of the dose after 4 to 5 days. Half Life: 38.0-59.1 hours

51G6I8B902

NILUTAMIDE

Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Androgen Receptor Antagonists

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Androgen Receptor Inhibitor

Nilutamide is an Androgen Receptor Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of nilutamide is as an Androgen Receptor Antagonist.

NILUTAMIDE

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Rapidly and completely absorbed, yielding high and persistent plasma concentrations.

Nilutamide is extensively metabolized andless than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged in urine after 5 days. Fecal elimination is negligible, ranging from 1.4% to 7% of the dose after 4 to 5 days.