Natriumfluorid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Fluorides in urine = 2 mg/L prior to shift or 3 mg/L at end of shift; (Repeated measurements recommended.)

1.0 [mg/m3], as F, inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty). Use water in flooding quantities as fog; Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water; Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Sodium fluoride solution/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride slowly decompose and become alkaline when stored in glass. Therefore, sodium fluoride solutions should be stored in tight, plastic containers, especially if the pH of the solution is less than 7.5. Sodium fluoride solutions and tablets should be stored at a temperature less than 40 °C, preferably between 15-30 °C; freezing of the solutions should be avoided. Sodium fluoride is incompatible with calcium and magnesium salts.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids and alkalies.

Sodium fluoride /container/ ... should be colored to help distinguish it from table salt or flour.

Environmental considerations-land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material; /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Sodium fluoride solution/

Environmental considerations-water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Adjust pH to neutral (pH= 7). /Sodium fluoride solution/

Shovel into suitable dry container. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

A suggested disposal method converts the soluble fluoride ions to insoluble calcium fluoride ... a naturally occurring mineral (fluorspar) which can safely be added to a landfill. The method is as follows: add slowly to a large container of water. Stir in slight excess of Na2CO3 /sodium carbonate/. If fluoride is present add Ca(OH)2 /calcium hydroxide/ also. Let stand 24 hr. Decant or siphon into another container and neutralize with 6 m HCl /hydrochloric acid/ before washing down with large cxcess of water. The sludge may be added to landfill. Recommendable methods: Precipitation & landfill.

Precipitation & landfill: Industry wastes with a high fluoride concn are treated in two phases. By adding CaO /calcium oxide/, the soluble fluorides are precipitated as CaF2 /calcium fluoride/ until the concn has been reduced to 10 mg/l. The compact sludge is disposed of on special waste dumps.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

... To examine the efficacy and safety of administration of calcium and magnesium orally and intraperitoneally to treat severe sodium fluoride intoxication ... mice were initially gavaged a lethal dose of sodium fluoride (NaF) or water. Then, mice were treated with water or varying concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2) or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) via intraperitoneal (IP) route or via oral route. Mice were monitored for 24 h, and the time of death was recorded. ... Intraperitoneal injections of large amounts of CaCl2 or MgSO4 were dangerous. All mice gavaged with water and then treated with oral CaCl2 or MgSO4 survived and displayed normal activity during the experiment. The survival rate of mice gavaged with a lethal dose of NaF and then treated with a high dose of oral CaCl2 or MgSO4 was significantly higher than those of using low dose. /The authors concluded that/ oral administration of a high dose of CaCl2 or MgSO4 is a simple, safe, and effective adjunctive method for treating severe oral fluoride poisoning.

Sodium fluoride added with or without sodium selenite in deionized water was administered to male mice for 8 weeks. The influences of fluoride on learning-memory behavior were tested on Y-maze, and the ultrastructure of Gray I synaptic interface in the CA3 area hippocampus was quantitatively analyzed by electron microscopy and computer image processing appliance. The main results showed that the learning capability of mice drinking higher concentration of fluoride presented remarkable deterioration. The thickness of post-synaptic density (PSD) was decreased. The width of the synaptic cleft was remarkably increased. It was found that combined administration of fluoride and proper concentration of selenium could decrease the toxic effect of fluoride. There were synergetic toxicities if the concentration of selenium was too high. The results suggested that selenium might antagonize the neurotoxicity of fluoride on behavior and morphology.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen and natrium fluoride (NaF) on bone metabolism, biochemical properties and blood lipids levels in ovariectomized rats. The study was performed in Wistar rats divided into 5 subgroups: ovariectomized controls, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr+tamoxifen 2 mg/kg/24 hr, rats treated with NaF 20 mg/kg/24 hr plus tamoxifen 4 mg/kg/24 hr, and sham-operated controls. In ovariectomized rats the increase of total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) as well as the decrease of bone mineral content, bone mineral density and biomechanical properties was observed. The therapy with NaF increased the level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, bone mineral density, bone mineral content. In this group the decrease of bone strength and stiffness was observed. The administration of tamoxifen reduced the changes in plasma lipid levels, but did not improve the biomechanical properties of bone tissue.

The study was conducted to characterize the action of NaF, which had relaxing property in carbachol precontracted isolated bovine bronchus, on airway responsiveness challenged by acetylcholine receptor agonists in rats and asthmatic humans. Tracheal flow rate and airway resistance were measured in anaesthetized rats. NaF was delivered either before carbachol challenge or together with carbachol. Patients with mild asthma were challenged with methacholine aerosol, and NaF was delivered when FEV1 fell by more than 20%. The results indicated that: (1) in rats NaF significantly inhibited carbachol-induced bronchial constriction when inhaled prior to carbachol challenge as airway resistances in the NaF and NaF+verapamil groups were significantly lower than those in the control group; (2) NaF significantly reversed carbachol or methacholine-induced bronchial constriction in asthmatic patients. In conclusion, NaF, delivered in form of aerosol, reduced bronchial responsiveness to carbachol in rats and had a bronchodilating effect on rat and human airways precontracted by inhalation of acetylcholine analogs.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 7000 uM for 3 day /total/

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; pH 6.0; Concentration: 14000 uM for 15 day /total/

LC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae); Conditions: freshwater; static; pH 6.8; Concentration: 20000 uM for 15 day /total/

EC50; Species: Ceriodaphnia dubia (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater; static; Concentration: 157.9 g/cu m (95% confidence limit: 110 to 225.1 g/cu m) for 24 hr /total/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (30 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Safe concentrations (SCs) and EC50s of fluoride ion (F-) for five species of aquatic insect larvae, Chimarra marginata, Hydropsyche bulbifera, H. exocellata, H. lobata, and H. pellucidula, are estimated from short-term toxicity bioassays using the multifactor probit analysis (MPA) software on sublethal data. The sublethal effect is defined as net larva migration. The 24, 48, 72, and 96-h EC50s (mg F-/L) were 178.06, 63.90, 45.41, and 38.28 for C. marginata; 90.06, 36.20, 26.71, and 22.95 for H. bulbifera; 122.64, 42.45, 29.80, and 24.97 for H. exocellata; 238.50, 76.22, 52.12, and 43.09 for H. lobata; and 185.05, 53.74, 35.58, and 28.96 for H. pellucidula. SC values (or 8760-h EC0.01s) were 1.79 for C. marginata, 0.73 for H. bulbifera, 0.56 for H. exocellata, 1.18 for H. lobata, and 0.39 for H. pellucidula. Thus, C. marginata and H. lobata appears to be less sensitive species to fluoride toxicity during short-term and long-term exposures. This difference in sensitivity to fluoride among test species is not dependent upon the body size of net-spinning caddisfly larvae; Pearson correlation analysis between estimated SCs and larva dry weights was not significant (P>0.05). On the other hand, SCs calculated for test species are lower than those proposed for other freshwater and marine animals. It is concluded that the multifactor probit analysis of sublethal acute toxicity data can be a valuable methodology in environmental toxicology to estimate accurate safe concentrations of chemical compounds for aquatic organisms. /Fluoride/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Fish exposed to poisonous amounts of sodium fluoride become apathetic, lose weight, have periods of violent movement, and wander aimlessly. Finally, there is a loss of equilibrium accompanied by tetany and death. Mucous secretion increases, accompanied by proliferation of mucous producing cells in the respiratory and integumentary epithelium.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ /It was/ demonstrated that untreated earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) from which gut soil had been removed (depurated) contained only 6% of the amount of fluoride reported in whole worms. Worms kept in soil were exposed to a sodium fluoride concentration of 1000 mg/L for 30 days. The fluoride content of the worms was established either at the end of exposure or following an 8-day starvation period. The fluoride concentration in treated worms with their gut contents washed out was more than 6 times greater than the fluoride concentration of untreated worms. Even after an 8-day starvation period, the concentration in exposed worms was 4 times greater than the concentration in the unexposed worms. The fluoride concentration in the worms was always lower than the concentration in the soil.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Convulsions. Drowsiness. Cough. Diarrhoea. Sore throat. Vomiting. Unconsciousness.

irritation eyes, respiratory system; nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea; salivation, thirst, sweating; stiff spine; dermatitis; calcification of ligaments of ribs, pelvis

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=7681-49-4]

At Lake Magadi Kenya, raw trona is dredged from encrustations on the lake, crushed, washed, and calcined to convert the sodium sesquicarbonate to soda ash. The calcined material is crushed and screened to produce a dense product with ... a characteristically high (1.0%) sodium fluoride content.

Because it is so reactive, fluorine rarely, if ever, occurs naturally in the elementary state, existing instead in the ionic form or as a variety of inorgainc and orgainc fluorides. Rocks, soil, water, air, plants, and animals all contain fluoride in widely-varying concentrations. /Fluoride and fluorine/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Two adults were able to withstand a dose of 250 mg with minimal illness. One volunteer experienced slight nausea and epigastric distress lasting about 5 hr and salivation, which was intense for 15 to 30 min and stopped in half an hour; an itching sensation on his hands and feet lasted for about a week. Another volunteer, who took 250 mg of sodium fluoride on an empty stomach, experienced nausea, which appeared in 2 min and in 20 min incr to a max accompanied by greatly incr salivation and some retching but no vomiting. Two hr after the dose, lunch was eaten but was immediately vomited. Slight nausea continued throughout the following day but disappeared on the second day.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute, nonfatal poisoning is characterized by gastroenteritis (sudden nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, burning pain, and diarrhea) lasting for 3 to 6 hr and followed by collapse involving stupor and weakness lasting about 36 hr. Tetany may occur as a result of calcium depletion. In fatal poisoning, muscular weakness appears early and is accompanied by a marked fall in blood pressure; tremor may be followed by clonic convulsions; dyspnea may be accompanied by a grayish-blue cyanosis. Death from respiratory and cardiac arrest may occur a few min to 10 hr or more after ingestion but usually in 3 or 4 hr.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In case of poisoning, plasma calcium may be decr and there is generally a disruption of fluid balance as a result of vomiting. Albuminuria is common ... In acute fatal poisoning there is corrosion of the stomach and sometimes other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Frequently there is edema of the brain and lungs and petechial hemorrhages of the lungs and heart.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ severe acute fluoride overdose can cause hypocalcemia and tetany and bone pain, especially in the feet and ankles, of uncertain cause; electrolyte disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias have been reported, progressing to cardiac failure or respiratory arrest in some cases.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

FROM FACTORIES, PROCESSING FLUORINE CONTAINING ORES, DUSTS MAY CONSIST OF SODIUM FLUORIDE VOLATILIZED .../AND/... THEN CONDENSED BY COOLER SURROUNDING AIR. LEAVES OF PLANTS MAY COLLECT SOME OF THE DUST. EXTENT OF CONTAMINATION WILL DEPEND UPON TOPOGRAPHY OF SURROUNDING TERRAIN & ESPECIALLY DIRECTION OF PREVAILING WIND.

Sodium fluoride is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Limitation: For use only as bonding agent for aluminum foil, stabilizer, or preservative. Total fluoride for all sources not to exceed 1 percent by weight of the finished adhesive.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed over-the-counter drug products, incl sodium fluoride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium fluoride is found on List C. Case No: 3132; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.; Active ingredient (AI): sodium fluoride; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 9/30/1992; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner..

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Sodium fluoride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

(CA) CALIFORNIA 2,000 ug/L /Fluoride/

(DE) DELAWARE 2,000 ug/L /Fluoride ion/

(PA) PENNSYLVANIA 2,000 ug/L /Fluoride ion/

(AZ) ARIZONA 4,000 ug/L /Fluoride ion/

(ME) MAINE 1,680 ug/L /Fluoride ion/

Used for fluoridation of drinking water and dental preparations to prevent caries; Used in electroplating, steel production, and glass frosting; [AHLS, p. 437]

Steel Producing [Category: Industry]

For sodium fluoride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 75202) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

IN ELECTROPLATING; IN HEAT TREATING SALT COMPOSITIONS; FOR DISINFECTING FERMENTATION APPARATUS IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES; MFR COATED PAPER; FROSTING GLASS; IN DENTAL LAB; IN REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE FROM EXHAUST GASES TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION

Fungicide, rodenticide, glass manufacture

Fluoridation agent in drinking water; a flux in the manufacture of rimmed steel, aluminum, and magnesium; a fungicide; a glass frosting agent; a component of glues and adhesives; an agent in ore flotation; a stainless steel pickling agent; a toothpaste ingredient; a component of vitreous enamels; and a component of wood preservatives.

... Sodium and aluminum fluosilicates

Sulfates & iron

2023: 4,722,187 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 4.60X10+8 G

(1986) 5.44X10+9 g /estimate/

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#3558]

In 2004, participating countries declared 298.6 metric tons of potassium fluoride and reported that no metric tons of this category 2 unscheduled chemical were destroyed.

Prepared by fusing cryolite with sodium hydroxide

Normally manufactured by the reaction of hydrofluoric acid with soda ash (sodium carbonate) or caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), with control of pH essential and proper agitation necessary to obtain the desired crystal size.

Sodium fluoride ... is prepared by neutralizing aqueous hydrogen fluoride with sodium bicarbonate ...

Commercial grade (purity 93-99%) is used to prepare baits

Technical grades are 90% and 95% NaF, light (37 cu in/lb) and dense (23 cu in/lb), and 98%

Sodium fluoride solution contains not less than 95% and not more than 105.0% of the labelled amount of sodium fluoride, USP XXI

The purity of the commercial material is about 98%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SODIUM FLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Other (requires additional information)

Sodium fluoride (NaF): ACTIVE

Sodium fluoride is an unscheduled precursor to Perren-Kinnear complex.

NOT APPROVED FOR /INSECTICIDAL/ USE IN BARNS, GRAIN BINS, POULTRY HOUSES.

Sodium fluoride sold as household insecticide must be tinted Nile Blue.

Prepared ... by adding equiv amt of sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to 40% hydrogen fluoride (precipitation is instantaneous and crystal size depends on pH, but too much hydrogen fluoride yields sodium bifluoride, NaHF2): Muller, Chem-Ztg 52, 5 (1928) ...