Zinkchlorid

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Zinc chloride fume:

INGESTION: give large volumes of water and induce vomiting; repeat process; call a doctor.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.1 [mg/m3] (respirable fraction), 2 mg/m3 (inhalable fraction)[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

Store below 40 °C (104 °F), preferably between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F), unless otherwise specified by manufacturer. Protect from freezing. /Zinc supplements/

Separated from strong bases, food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

Finely divided ... zinc compounds, can be fire and explosion hazard if stored in damp places, sources of spontaneous combustion. /Zinc cmpd/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solid with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water /Zinc chloride, solid/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. Adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). /Zinc chloride solid/

Personal protection: P3 filter respirator for toxic particles. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Ultrafiltration; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Continuous flow, pilot scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 0.38 ppm effluent concentration. /Zinc/

Chemical Treatability of Zinc; Concentration Process: Miscellaneous sorbents; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: Final concentration reduced to 0.1 ppb; SiO2 + CaO slags used. /Zinc/

The proprietary Sulfex process (Permutit Co) has been applied to zinc wastes. The process involves addition of ferrous sulfide, which gradually releases sulfide to precipitate the zinc ... . /Zinc/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Large doses of zinc may inhibit copper absorption in the intestine; zinc supplements should be taken at least 2 hours after the administration of copper supplements. /Zinc supplements/

Thiazide diuretics have been found to increase urinary zinc excretion. /Zinc supplements/

Concurrent use of large amounts of fiber, phosphorus, or phytates with zinc supplements may reduce zinc absorption by formation of nonabsorbable complexes; food containing fiber, phosphorus, or phytates should be taken at least 2 hours after zinc supplements. /Zinc supplements/

Some studies have found that folate can decrease the absorption of zinc, but not in the presence of excessive zinc; other studies have found no inhibition. /Zinc supplements/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Drawida willsi (Field earthworm, juvenile, length <2 cm) 762.87 mg/kg soil/14 days (95% confidence interval: 697-834 mg/kg); one dose per study period

LC50 Drawida willsi (Field earthworm, immature organism, length > or =2 to <4 cm) 840.69 mg/kg soil/14 days (95% confidence interval: 769-920 mg/kg); one dose per study period

LC50 Drawida willsi (Field earthworm, adult, length > or =4 cm) 907.82 mg/kg soil/14 days (95% confidence interval: 828-995 mg/kg); one dose per study period

LC50 Eisenia fetida (Earthworm, adult, weight 300-500 mg) contact on filter paper 12 ug/sq cm/48 hr (95% confidence interval: 6-24 ug/sq cm)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (53 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L49) ; oral (L49) ; dermal (L49)

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 27 zinc salts are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating...Zinc Chloride...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Sore throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; conjunctivitis; cough, copious sputum; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), chest pain, pulmonary edema, pneumonitis; pulmonary fibrosis, cor pulmonale; fever; cyanosis; tachypnea; skin burns

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)

In preemployment and periodic physical examinations, special attention should be given to the skin and to the history of allergic dermatitis, as well as to exposed mucous membranes, the eyes, and the respiratory system. ... Smoking history should be known. Measurement of urinary zinc excretion may be useful.

The assessment of zinc exposure can be accomplished through measurement of zinc. The presence of excess zinc ... can indicate high exposure to zinc; however, no information was found in the literature regarding the accuracy of these levels in predicting possible health effects. Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - average level 1200 ug/dl; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - average levels 100 ug/dl; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - average levels 0.5 mg/g creatinine or 150 to 1200 ug/24 hours; Exposed - urinary concentrations of 600 to 700 ug/l were found in workers exposed to zinc oxide at levels of 3 to 5 mg/cu m; Toxic - greater than 1200 ug/24 hours has been indicated as a toxic urinary level of zinc; however no information was located relating to the severity of symptoms seen with high urinary zinc levels. /Zinc/

Respiratory Symptom Questionnaires: Questionnaires have been published by the American Thoracic Society and the British Medical Research Council. These questionnaires have been found to be useful in identification of people with chronic bronchitis, however certain pulmonary function tests such as FEV1 have been found to be better predictors of chronic airflow obstruction. /Zinc/

Chest Radiography: This test is widely used for assessing pulmonary disease. Chest radiographs have been found to be useful for detection of early lung cancer in asymptomatic people, especially for detection of peripheral tumors such as adenocarcinomas. However, even though OSHA mandates this test for exposure to some toxicants such as asbestos, there are conflicting views on its efficacy in detection of pulmonary disease. /Zinc/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The ability of zinc chloride to induce morphological transformation in Balb/3T3 mouse cells (Cell transformation Assay) was evaluated in the presence of added metabolic activation by Aroclor-induced rat liver S-9 fraction. Based on preliminary clonal toxicity determinations (exposure time = 2hrs), zinc chloride, diluted with phosphate buffered saline, was tested at 200, 400, 600 or 800ug/ml in the presence of metabolic activation, with cell survival ranging from 83% to 1% relative to the solvent control. Treatments at 600 and 800ug/ml were too toxic and the cells failed to grow. Treatments at 200 and 400ug/ml produced significantly greater transformation frequencies (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, Modified Poisson Distribution) relative to the solvent control.

The frequency of forward mutations was determined at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus of the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line exposed in vitro to zinc chloride in the presence of metabolic activation provided by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction. Mutagenic effects were observed in cultures after exposure to test article at concentrations ranging from 4.2 to 56 ug/plate, as indicated by 2 to 19.2 fold increases in mean mutant frequency compared to controls. The percent growth ranged from 95% to 10%, while in preliminary cytotoxicity assay, all cells were killed at 50 ug/ml.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl zinc chloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

This substance is generally recognized as safe when used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Substances migrating to food from cotton and cotton fabrics used in dry food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act. Zinc chloride is included on this list.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The Agency has sufficient information on the human health effects of zinc salts and on it potential for causing effects in fish and wildlife and the environment when used to control moss and fungus growth in outdoor residential areas, on structures, in pressure-treated lumber and incorporated into fibers used in carpet. The Agency concludes that products containing zinc salts for these uses are eligible for reregistration. Only certain generic physical chemistry data studies on zinc salts still are needed as comfirmatory information. The Agency has determined that zinc salt containing products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Document will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Zinc chloride is found on List D. Case No: 4099; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/92; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Zinc chloride; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/07/92; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1,000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Zinc chloride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Zinc and compounds/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion-to protect freshwater aquatic life ... is 47 ng/l as a 24 hr average ... at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/l as CaCO3 the concentration of total recoverable zinc should not exceed 180, 320, 570 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life ... is 58 ug/l as a 24 hr average and the concentration should not exceed 170 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

(AZ) ARIZONA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 2000 ug/l /Zinc, Lifetime health advisory/

CIR ingredient: Zinc Chloride

Zinc chloride is used as a soldering flux, battery electrolyte, and crowd control agent; also used in iron galvanizing, textiles, adhesives, deodorants, wood preserving, and petroleum refining; [ACGIH] Used as a glazing flux in glassblowing; [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html] Other applications include deodorizing, disinfecting, embalming, fireproofing lumber, etching metals, microscopy, chemical syntheses, making parchment paper, artificial silk, dyes, activated carbon, cold-water glues, and vulcanized fiber, browning steel, copper-plating iron, magnesia cements, textiles (mordant in printing and dyeing, carbonizing woolen goods, mercerizing cotton, and sizing and weighting fabrics), vulcanizing rubber, cellulose solvent, dentin desensitizer, smoke bombs, and as human and veterinary astringent [Merck Index] Registered for use in the US for the control of moss and fungi on outdoor walkways and patios; [EPA REDs]

Steel Producing [Category: Industry]

Glassblowing [Category: Hobbies]

For zinc chloride (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 087801) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Herbicide and preservative; /used in/ terrestrial non-food, outdoor residential sites; target pests: moss and fungi.

(1978) 1.4X10+9 G

(1982) 1.4X10+9 G

(1985) 8.47X10+8 g

(1987) 1,634,919 lb

Quantity in metric tons: (1994) 947; (1995) 1,690

(1978) 1.4X10+9 G

(1982) 9.0X10+8 G

(1985) 2.39X10+9 g

(1986) 3,464,898 lb

For more U.S. Imports (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2023: 25,000,000 - <40,000,000 lb

(1970) 20,139 metric tons

(1980) 11,676 metric tons

(1990) >1 million-10 million pounds

(1992) 6,309 metric tons

(2001) 1410 thousand metric tons zinc. /Apparent, all forms/

(2002) 1420 thousand metric tons zinc. /Apparent, all forms/

(2003) 1340 thousand metric tons zinc. /Apparent, all forms/

(2004) 1400 thousand metric tons zinc. /Apparent, all forms/

(2005) 1370 thousand metric tons zinc. /Apparent, all forms/

Zinc chloride ... is commercially made by the reaction of aqueous hydrochloric acid with scrap zinc materials or roasted ore. The solution is purified in various ways depending upon the impurities present.

HIgh-purity zinc chloride is formed from zinc and hydrogen chloride gas at 700 °C.

/Zinc oxide/ reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride.

Grades: CP, Technical. fused; crystal; granulated; 62.5% solution; 50% solution; USP.

8 mesh, 99.5% purity grade, 250- 1000-, and 2500 g lots /available/

99.999% pure, ultradry /available/

Trade Names: Tinning Flux (U.S. Dept. Transportation); A13-04470; Zinctrace (U.S.)

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.