2-Methylaziridin

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Nitrogen Compounds

Carcinogens

Odor like aliphatic amines

Ammonia-like odor

0.8039 to 0.807 at 77 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.8039-0.8070 at 25 °C/25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.8

0.8039-0.807 at 77 °F

0.812 @ 16°C

0.80

0.491 cP at 25 °C

0.6 mm²/s at 25 °C

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, miscible in all proportions

Soluble in ethanol

Soluble in most organic solvents

Solubility in water: miscible

Miscible

25 °F (EPA, 1998)

-3 °C

-3.9 °C, closed cup

-18 °C c.c.

25 °F

25 °F

151 to 153 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

67 °C

67 °C

152 °F

67 °C @760 [mm Hg]

152 °F

-85 °F (EPA, 1998)

-65 °C

-63 °C

-85 °F

-65 °C

-85 °F

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.3% (1 of 362) of reports.

Danger

H225 (99.7%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

Chemical: Aziridine, 2-methyl-

Hazard Traits - Carcinogenicity; Dermatotoxicity; Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Nephrotoxicity and Other Toxicity to the Urinary System; Ocular Toxicity; Respiratory Toxicity

Aziridine, 2-methyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Aziridine, 2-methyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 28-09-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13279

Propylene imine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Chemical is extremely flammable; vapors are heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Avoid acids, strong oxidizers. Thermally unstable. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Contact with acid promotes violent polymerization. (EPA, 1998)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with acids or oxidants.

Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

A flammable liquid and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Toxic after acute exposure. Can severely irritate eyes, skin, and lungs. (EPA, 1998)

· TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

1,2-Propyleneimine is used as an intermediate in the paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical industries. 1,2-Propyleneimine is severely irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract from acute (short-term) inhalation exposure in humans. Headaches, dizziness, nausea, bronchitis, shortness of breath, and edema of the lungs have also been reported in humans. No information is available on the chronic (long-term), reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of 1,2-propyleneimine in humans. Animal studies have reported effects on the kidneys, blood, and gastrointestinal system from chronic inhalation and oral exposure to 1,2-propyleneimine. Animal studies have reported tumors of the mammary glands and intestines, leukemia, and other tumor types from oral exposure to 1,2-propyleneimine. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 1,2-propyleneimine as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen. EPA has not classified 1,2-propyleneimine for carcinogenicity.

At higher concentrations, may cause blistering and necrosis of the skin; Toxicity is similar to that of ethyleneimine; Causes severe injuries to the kidneys (tubular necrosis) in acute animal experiments and tumors in chronic ones; [HSDB] An irritant of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; [ICSC] Suspected germ cell mutagen (3B); [MAK] Propyleneimine, stabilized (UN1921) has warning of explosive polymerization; [ERG 2016]

1921 131P

1921 131P(inhibited)

USEPA; Chemical Profile: Propyleneimine (1985). Aspects covered in this data sheet: chemical identity, exposure limits, physicochemical properties, fire and explosion hazards, reactivity, health hazards, uses, handling of spills or releases.

DHHS/National Toxicology Program; Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition: 2-Methylaziridine (November 2016). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. 2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine; 75-55-8) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[Available from, as of December 12, 2016: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/index-1.html]

If material is on fire, do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as a "fog" and use to cool all affected containers. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder. NO carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Warning: Propyleneimine can severely irritate eyes, skin, and lungs. Direct eye contact has caused corneal damage. Suspected of having carcinogenic potential in humans. Caution is advised.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters, Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Store in a flammable storage area or approved cabinet away from ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials. ... Propyleneimine must be stored to avoid contact with acids and strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) because violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where propyleneimine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of propyleneimine should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of propyleneimine. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.1045.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

... 2-Methylaziridine may polymerize explosively if exposed to acid or acidic fumes, so it must always be stored over solid alkali.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Avoid breathing vapors; avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid. Keep sparks and flames away. Attempt to stop leak if it can be done without hazard. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations - air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P067, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Controlled incineration (incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Propyleneimine (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propyleneimine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of propyleneimine is 8.22(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially to mostly in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of propyleneimine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Propyleneimine is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Hydrolysis in moist soils is expected to be an important fate process based on an aqueous hydrolysis half-life of 87 hours at pH 7 and 25 °C(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propyleneimine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 24 days, respectively(SRC). The pKa of propyleneimine is 8.22(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially to mostly in cation form in the environment, and volatilization from water applies to the neutral species since cations do not volatilize(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.13(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Propyleneimine is expected to hydrolyze in environmental waters based on a hydrolysis half-life of 87 hours measured at pH 7(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propyleneimine, which has a vapor pressure of 140 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase propyleneimine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 56 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Propyleneimine is not expected to undergo direct photolysis under environmental conditions(4).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Propyleneimine is a colorless, oily liquid. Propyleneimine is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of a variety of paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical chemicals. It is also employed in the production of latex surface-coating resins to improve adhesion. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute exposure leads to irritation of skin, eye, and upper respiratory tract, as well as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and shortness of breath. 13 of 51 workers developed dermatitis of the hands and face after handling a water base containing a polyfunctional aziridine hardening agent made from propylenimine and trimethylpropane triacrylate. Propyleneimine is positive in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay using human diploid fibroblasts. ANIMAL STUDIES: Propyleneimine has caused severe damage when applied to rabbit eyes, similar in severity to 28% ammonium hydroxide. Propyleneimine resembles ethyleneimine in its physiologic action but is considered to be from one-fourth to one-eighth as potent as the latter on the basis of inhalation study in rats. Propyleneimine is renal papillary toxin in rats and mice. Twenty-six male and 26 female rats, 6 weeks of age, received 20 mg/kg propyleneimine in water by gavage twice weekly for 28 weeks. Twenty-eight tumors were found within 60 weeks in 22/52 animals. Propyleneimine is mutagenic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in a rec-assay with Escherichia coli; positive in several cell transformation assays; positive in vivo in a rat micronucleus test using either bone marrow or peripheral blood as the target organ; also positive in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Dizziness. Headache. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Sore throat. Further see Inhalation.

Eye, skin burns; [potential occupational carcinogen]

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of December 8, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of propyleneimine can be estimated to be 15(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that propyleneimine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of propyleneimine is 8.22(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially to mostly in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... In a general reference, the acute toxic properties of propylenaimine have generally been considered as similar to those of ethyleneimine- irritation of skin, eye, and upper respiratory tract, as well as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

/CASE REPORTS/ 13 of 51 workers developed dermatitis of the hands and face after handling a water based containing polyfunctional aziridine hardening agent made from propylenimine and trimethylpropane triacrylate. The incidence of dermatitis was highest among the ink mixers who handled the undiluted aziridine, was lower among printers who handled ink containing 2-4% aziridine, and was zero in workers who did not handle ink. The mean latency from first contact with the ink to development of the rash was 3.2 months among the ink mixers and 6.2 months among the printers. ...

/GENOTOXICITY/ Propyleneimine is ... positive in an unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay using human diploid fibroblasts...

P067; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when propyleneimine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 1,2-Propylenimine is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Propyleneimine is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs.

Propyleneimine

1

10000

Toxic chemical that can be released at a facility.

The application of (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the study of the biochemical effects of six nephrotoxic compounds, including mercury-chloride (HgCl2), was investigated in the male Fischer-344-rat. The rats were treated with nephrotoxic doses of sodium-chromate, cisplatin, hexachlorobutadiene, HgCl2, propylene-imine, and bromoethanamine. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and conventional biochemical methods were used to provide biochemical fingerprints of urine collected up to 48 hours after dosing. Severe glycosuria and transient enzymuria were produced by hexachlorobutadiene and HgCl2. Aminoaciduria, glycosuria, and lactic aciduria were noted after exposure to all proximal tubular toxins with the exception of cisplatin. Papillary insult resulted in early elevations in urinary trimethylamine-N-oxide and dimethylamine, together with later elevations in urinary acetate, succinate, and N,N-dimethylglycine /after propylene-imine/.

1,2-Propyleneimine is used as an intermediate in the paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical industries. Its main use is to improve the adhesion of latex surface-coating resins.

Used as an intermediate in the rubber and pharmaceutical industries; Used as a modifier and monomer in advanced composites; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Propyleneimine is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of a variety of paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical chemicals. It is also employed in the production of latex surface-coating resins to improve adhesion.

Organic intermediate whose derivatives are used in the paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical industries.

2-Methylaziridine is used in the United States exclusively as a chemical intermediate, and its derivatives are used in the paper, textile, rubber, and pharmaceutical industries. Because it easily forms imines, its primary use is in the modification of latex surface-coating resins to improve adhesion. Because of the substantive bonding of imines to cellulose derivatives, polymers modified with 2-methylaziridine or its derivatives have been used in the adhesive, textile, and paper industries. 2-Methylaziridine has been used to modify dyes for specific adhesion to cellulose, and derivatives have been used in photography, gelatins, and synthetic resins. In the oil-additive industry, 2-methylaziridine and its derivatives have been used as modifiers for viscosity control, high-pressure performance, and oxidation resistance. Other applications include use in flocculants in petroleum refining, as a modifier for rocket propellant fuels, in fiber modification, and in imine derivatives for use in medicinal and agricultural chemicals.

2023: 299,741 lb

(1977) AT LEAST 4.54X10+7 G

(1982) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 G

(1986) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(1990) 10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for Propyleneimine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Methylaziridine can be prepared by addition of hydrogen chloride to 1-amino-2-propanol to form 2-chloropropylamine hydrochloride which is then treated with sodium hydroxide. It is manufactured commercially by combining 1,2-dichloropropane with ammonia at elevated temperatures.

Paint and Coating Manufacturing

Aziridine, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE