Hexa-2,4-diensure

Cosmetic ingredients (Sorbic Acid) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Preservative

log Kow = 1.33

1.33

1.33

1.64

Relatively odorless

Weak characteristic odor

Relatively tasteless

Slightly acidic taste

1.204 at 66 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.204 g/cu cm at 19 °C

1.2 g/cm³

Colorless needles or white powder

Needles from water

Needles form dilute alcohol

White crystalline solid

White crystals or powder

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol.

In water, 1910 mg/L at 30 °C

In water, 1560 mg/L at 20 °C (OECD 105 Shake-Flask method)

In water: 0.25% at 30 °C, 3.8% at 100 °C

In propylene glycol: 5.5% at 20 °C; in absolute ethanol or methanol: 12.90% at 20 °C; in 20% ethanol: 0.29%; in acetone: 9.2% at 20 °C; in glacial acetic acid: 11.5% at 20 °C; in benzene: 2.3%, in dioxane: 11.0% at 20 °C; in carbon tetrachloride: 1.3% at 20 °C; in cyclohexane: 0.28%; in glycerol: 0.31% at 20 °C; in isopropanol: 8.4%; in isopropyl ether: 2.7% at 20 °C; in methyl acetate: 6.1%; in toluene: 1.9% at 20 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.9% (63 of 2158) of reports.

Warning

H315 (84%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2158 reports by companies from 48 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Chemical: 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 27-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11476

Sorbic acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

SYMPTOMS: This compound may cause severe irritation. High concentrations are extremely destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, skin and eyes. The greatest danger from ingestion of large quantities of this compound (2 g/kg) is intestinal obstruction. Aspiration or inhalation could cause chemical pneumonitis. Implantation will cause a foreign body reaction. A case of contact sensitivity has been reported.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; May cause skin sensitization; [ICSC] May cause skin and eye irritation; Emergency medical treatment: irritants; Sorbic acid 2.5% in petrolatum causes non-immunologic contact urticaria; [HSDB] Causes non-immunological contact urticaria; [Kanerva, p. 218] No adverse reproductive effects in long-term studies of mice and rats; [REPROTOX] A severe irritant; [RTECS] An uncommon cause of allergic contact dermatitis; Causes contact urticaria in 58% of subjects tested; [Marks, p. 151, 355] A severe irritant; High concentrations may cause corrosive injuries to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract; [CAMEO] An irritant; [MSDSonline]

Sorbic acid used as a chemical preservative in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sorbic acid used as a chemical preservative in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Residues of sorbic acid are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Preservative for formulations. Limit: None.

SORBIC ACID may discolor on exposure to light. Can react with oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with bases and reducing agents. The dust may become explosive, particularly when mixed with free-radical initiators or oxidizing agents (NTP, 1992).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Sorbic acid is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water in large amounts, water spray, foam.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

To fight fire, use water.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Recommended storage temperature 2 - 8 °C. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non Combustible Solids.

Should be stored at temps below 40 °C.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SORBIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The fungicidal activity of sorbic acid against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was enhanced 64-fold in combination with half-minimum fungicidal concentration of polygodial. This synergistic activity of polygodial presumably comes from its ability to inhibit the plasma membrane H+-ATPase.

Sorbic acid has a system of conjugated double bonds which makes it able to undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with certain functions. The interactions between sorbic acid and amine functions present in the endogenous constituents of food were quantified. The formation of new products was demonstrated and the underlying mechanisms studied using ethyl sorbate and various amines. HPLC, GC, GC-SM and NMR analyses of the reaction mixtures enabled the products to be isolated and identified. The addition reactions led, at 20 degrees C, to linear monoadducts and, at 50 degrees C and 80 degrees C, to cyclic derivatives resulting from double addition.

Sorbic acid (E200) and its salts (potassium and calcium sorbate: E202 and E203) are allowed for use as preservatives in numerous processed foods. Sorbic acid had a conjugated system of double bonds which makes it susceptible to nucleophilic attack, sometimes giving mutagenic products. Under conditions typical of food processing (50-80 degrees C), we analyzed the cyclic derivatives resulting from a double addition reaction between sorbic acid and various amines. Mutagenesis studies, involving Ames' test and genotoxicity studies with HeLa cells and plasmid DNA, showed that none of the products studied presented either mutagenic or genotoxic activities.

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of sublethal injury after the pulsed-electric-field (PEF) treatment of two yeasts, Dekkera bruxellensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the relation of sublethal injury to the inactivating effect of the combination of PEF and sorbic acid. PEF caused sublethal injury in both yeasts: more than 90% of surviving D. bruxellensis cells and 99% of surviving S. cerevisiae cells were sublethally injured after 50 pulses at 12 kV/cm in buffer at pHs of both 7.0 and 4.0. The proportion of sublethally injured cells reached a maximum after 50 pulses at 12.0 kV/cm (S. cerevisiae) or 16.5 kV/cm (D. bruxellensis), and it kept constant or progressively decreased at greater electric field strengths and with longer PEF treatments. Sublethally PEF-injured cells showed sensitivity to the presence of sorbic acid at a concentration of 2,000 ppm. A synergistic inactivating effect of the combination of PEF and sorbic acid was observed. Survivors of the PEF treatment were progressively inactivated in the presence of 2,000 ppm of sorbic acid at pH 3.8, with the combined treatments achieving more than log10 5 cycles of dead cells under the conditions investigated. This study has demonstrated the occurrence of sublethal injury after exposure to PEF, so yeast inactivation by PEF is not an all-or-nothing event. The combination of PEF and sorbic acid has proven to be an effective method to achieve a higher level of yeast inactivation. ...

For more Interactions (Complete) data for SORBIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Graphognathus spp, larvae; Concentration: 500 mg/L for 10 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC100; Species: Graphognathus spp, larvae; Concentration: 5,000 mg/L for 10 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC100; Species: Chaetogammarus marinus; Concentration: 320 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus; Concentration: 1,000-1,500 mg/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that sorbic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of sorbic acid is 4.76(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Sorbic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 3.08X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). An 83% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Sorbic acid absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(7) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight on soil surfaces(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that sorbic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa of sorbic acid is 4.76(3), indicating that sorbic will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.33(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). An 83% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Hydrolysis studies found sorbic acid to be hydrolytically stable with the half-lives expected to exceed one year at 25 °C(7). Sorbic acid absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(8) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Sorbic acid, 0.4 uL/mL, was degraded 23.2% following 5 hours of irradiation by sunlight(9). Sorbic acid is an olefinic compound and olefins in surface waters exposed to sunlight react with photo-oxidants with a half-life on the order of 25 days(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), sorbic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 3.08X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase sorbic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase sorbic acid is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone and nitrate radicals. The half-life for the reaction with ozone in air is estimated to be 5.2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.3X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life for the reaction with nitrate radicals in air is approximated to be 1.4 hours(SRC), calculated from the measured rate constant of 1.34X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec of an analogous compound (2,4-hexadienal)(4). Sorbic acid absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Sorbic acid, in aqueous solution, was degraded 23.2% following 5 hours of irradiation by sunlight(6).

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sorbic acid is white crystalline solid or powder. It is used as intermediate for plasticizers and lubricants. In addition, it is used as preservative and antimicrobial agent for foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. To improve the characteristics of drying oils. In alkyd type coatings to improve gloss. To improve milling characteristics of cold rubber. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Application of 150 mg of sorbic acid to human skin for 1 hr produced severe irritation. An allergic response to sorbic acid (2.5% in petrolatum) reportedly occurred in five of 606 eczema patients suspected of having contact sensitivities, who were tested over a 3-year period. Allergic contact dermatitis from sorbic acid has most frequently been reported after the use of topical medicaments such as corticosteroid creams that contain this preservative. Twenty-five cases of contact allergy were reported to Unguentum Merck, most of which were due to sorbic acid. Sorbic acid can also cause stinging and nonimmunologic contact urticarial reactions. Ocular irritation associated with the use of a hydrogel lens care system containing 0.10% sorbic acid was observed in 15% of 135 patients. Genotoxicity studies with HeLa cells and plasmid DNA did not find either mutagenic or genotoxic activities. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 4 hour semiocclusive application of sorbic acid to the intact skin of three rabbits did not produce erythema nor edema. Sorbic acid was not a primary irritant or sensitizer when applied in 0.1 M concentrations to guinea pig skin. It was characterized as a severe irritant following application of 1 mg to rabbit skin. The proliferation and survival of rabbit corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture were reduced in the presence of 0.1% sorbic acid. No adverse effects were noted in rats fed sorbic acid at dietary levels of 1, 2, 4, and 8% for 90 days. Similarly, there were not adverse findings when sorbic acid was fed to puppies at a 4% dietary level for 90 days. Sorbic acid at dietary levels of 1, 5, or 10% for 80 weeks fed to male and female mice and 0, 1.5, or 10% for 2 years fed to male and female rats did not increase the number of deaths or the incidence of spontaneous histological lesions, including tumors. However, mice fed a diet containing 15% sorbic acid for 88 weeks exhibited a high incidence of hepatoma. The hepatomas that developed in mice fed a 15% sorbic acid diet were considered to be induced both by the chronic depletion of the hepatic glutathione and by the gradual production of various promutagens in the intestine which were absorbed and metabolically activated by the liver. There was no adverse effect on the blood or internal organs of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs after prolonged feeding at 1 to 500 times the amount used in foods. In developmental studies in rabbits, no treatment-related maternal or developmental effects were observed at 300 mg/kg bw/day. Maternal findings in the mid dose group included increased respiratory rate following administration, decreased body weight gain and rough surface of the spleen. Maternal findings in high dose females included increased respiratory rate following administration, death, abortion, decreased body weight and body weight gain, marked decrease in food consumption and pathological findings upon necropsy (rough surface and reduced size of the spleen). Statistically significant reductions in mean fetal and placental weights and the viability of the fetuses were observed at the mid and high dose levels. Sorbic acid was inactive in vitro in the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblast micronucleus test and the SHE cell transformation test. When administered orally at doses up to 5000 mg/kg, sorbic acid increased the frequency of micronuclei in mice. A significant increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was observed in bone marrow cells of mice following intraperitoneal injection with 75, 100, or 150 mg/kg of sorbic acid, but not with 25 or 50 mg/kg. When mice were fed a diet containing 15% sorbic acid for a period of up to 6 months, ether extracts of the intestinal contents of the mice were not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98, but the acidic components obtained by fractionating the either extracts showed slight mutagenic activity after the addition of a metabolic activation system. These results suggested that mutagens were gradually produced in the intestine and moved into the liver where they were metabolically activated. Sorbic acid was negative in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) with and without metabolic activation. Sorbic acid was also negative in the Chinese hamster fibroblast chromosomal aberration test.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Burning sensation.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of July 7, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of sorbic acid can be estimated to be 9(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that sorbic acid is expected to have very high mobility in soil. A Koc of less than 1 was estimated for sorbic using an HPLC method(3). The pKa of sorbic acid is 4.76(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Sorbic acid used as a chemical preservative in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.

Sorbic acid used as a chemical preservative in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Residues of sorbic acid are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Preservative for formulations. Limit: None.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Sorbic acid is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Metabolism of sorbic acid in rats is identical to that of normally occurring fatty acids. Under normal conditions of intake, sorbic acid is almost completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Traces (0.1% of dose) may be converted by oxidation to trans,trans-muconic acid.

1,4-Dinitro-2-methylpyrrole, a mutagenic product formed by the interaction of two common food additives, sorbic acid and sodium nitrite, was transformed to 1-nitro-2-methyl-4-aminopyrrole by human fecal mixtures and various intestinal bacterial strains.

Following oral administration of radiolabelled sorbic acid, ... the total recovery of radioactivity was approx. 100% of the low and high doses. The major route of metabolism of sorbic acid was via expired CO2 with approx. 85% of the administered radioactivity being recovered as CO2 within 4-10 hours p.a. From the rate and extent of this metabolism, it may be concluded that sorbic acid is rapidly and quantitatively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Following oral administration of radiolabelled sorbic acid, ... the total recovery of radioactivity was approx. 100% of the low and high doses. The major route of metabolism of sorbic acid was via expired CO2 with approx. 85% of the admininstered radioactivity being recovered as CO2 within 4-10 hours post administration. From the rate and extent of this metabolism, it may be concluded that sorbic acid is rapidly and quantitatively absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

CIR ingredient: Sorbic Acid

Used as mold and yeast inhibitor, fungistatic agent, and preservative (foods, tobacco, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and silk-screen inks); Also used in drying oils, in alkyd type coatings, to improve milling characteristics of cold rubber, to inhibit fermentation in wines, to impregnate polyethylene wrappers for raw farm products, and to improve growth stimulation of animal feeds; [HSDB]

Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]

For sorbic acid (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 75901) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Reported uses (ppm):

Intermediate for plasticizers and lubricants.

(1975) 1.36X10+9 GRAMS

(1984) 2.20X10+9 g

2023: 100,000 - <250,000 lb

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-. National Production Volume: 10,000,000 - 50,000,000 lb/yr.

Trimerization of acetaldehyde and catalytic air oxidation of the resulting hexadienal.

In the presence of salts of divalent transition metals as catalysts, ketene and 2-butenal react at 30-80 °C to give a polymeric ester of 3-hydroxy-4-hexenoic acid with a molecular mass greater than or equal to about 2000. This polyester can be cleaved to give sorbic acid in good yield by either bases or acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid); alternatively, cleavage can be effected by metal-complex catalysts.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Preservatives and Antioxidants

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Food additives

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> PRESERVATIVE -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing

2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (2E,4E)-: ACTIVE

Only the undissociated form /of sorbic acid/ has antimicrobial activity.

The trans, trans-isomer is usually obtained and is the commercial product.