4,4'-Isopropylidendi-o-kresol

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2% (1 of 51) of reports.

Warning

H315 (88.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 51 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bisphenol C is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of bisphenol C is 9.9(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of bisphenol C from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Bisphenol C is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in soil(SRC) based on results of river die-away tests in which bisphenol C showed complete degradation in 18 of 24 microcosms within 22 days(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.0X10+5(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that bisphenol C is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 620(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.74(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Phenols can undergo sensitized photo-oxidation in surface waters exposed to sunlight via reaction with hydroxyl and peroxy radicals with half-lives on the order of days to weeks at the water surface(5); therefore, photo-oxidation may have some importance as a fate process for bisphenol C in natural water(SRC). Bisphenol C is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in water(SRC) based on results of river die-away tests in which bisphenol C showed complete degradation in 18 of 24 microcosms within 22 days(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bisphenol C, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bisphenol C is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase bisphenol C may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of bisphenol C can be estimated to be 1.0X10+5(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that bisphenol C is expected to be immobile mobility in soil. The estimated pKa of bisphenol C is 9.9(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

AEROBIC: In 22-day aerobic river die-away tests using several river water samples in 24 microcosms, bisphenol C showed no degradation in 6 microcosms, complete primary degradation in 4 microcosms and complete mineralization in 14 microcosms(1).

An estimated BCF of 620 was calculated in fish for bisphenol C(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.74(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for bisphenol C is estimated as 1.1X10-11 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bisphenol C is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Bisphenol C's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). Bisphenol C is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.4X10-8 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Bisphenol C with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Bisphenol C is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Phenols can undergo sensitized photo-oxidation in surface waters exposed to sunlight via reaction with hydroxyl and peroxy (RO2) radicals with half-lives on the order of days to weeks at the water surface(3); therefore, photo-oxidation may have some importance as a fate process for bisphenol C in natural water(SRC).

Occupational exposure to bisphenol C may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bisphenol C is produced or used. Use data suggest the general population may be exposed to bisphenol C via dermal contact with this compound from consumer products containing polymers made from bisphenol C. (SRC)

Bisphenol C's production and use in the manufacture of plastics and resins and as a color-developer in thermosensitive recording materials may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 7.4X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates bisphenol C will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase bisphenol C will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.3 hours. Particulate-phase bisphenol C will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, bisphenol C is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.0X10+5. The estimated pKa of bisphenol C is 9.9, indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-11 atm-cu m/mole. Bisphenol C is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process in soil and water based on results of river die-away tests in which bisphenol C showed complete degradation in 18 of 24 microcosms within 22 days. If released into water, bisphenol C is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 620 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Sensitized photo-oxidation may have some importance as a fate process for bisphenol C in sunlit natural water. Occupational exposure to bisphenol C may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bisphenol C is produced or used. Use data suggest the general population may be exposed to bisphenol C via dermal contact with this compound from consumer products containing polymers made from bisphenol C. (SRC)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/The researchers/ report that the mechanisms by which biphenol A (BPA) and two congeners, bisphenol AF and bisphenol C (BPC), bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta differ from that used by 17beta-estradiol. /The researchers/ show that bisphenols act as partial agonists of ERs by activating the N-terminal activation function 1 regardless of their effect on the C-terminal activation function 2, which ranges from weak agonism (with BPA) to antagonism (with BPC). Crystallographic analysis of the interaction between bisphenols and ERs reveals two discrete binding modes, reflecting the different activities of compounds on ERs. BPA and 17beta-estradiol bind to ERs in a similar fashion, whereas, with a phenol ring pointing toward the activation helix H12, the orientation of BPC accounts for the marked antagonist character of this compound. Based on structural data, /the investigators/ developed a protocol for in silico evaluation of the interaction between bisphenols and ERs or other members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, such as estrogen-related receptor gamma and androgen receptor, which are two known main targets of bisphenols. ...

Manufacture of plastics and resins

Used as a color-developer in thermosensitive recording materials