1-Dodecanol

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water or foam may cause frothing.

Use water, dry powder, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Rest. Do NOT induce vomiting. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. Water or foam may cause frothing. Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.

Accidental Release Measures: ... Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Accidental Release Measures: ... Use protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If liquid: collect leaking liquid in containers. Absorb remaining liquid in inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Precautions for handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Nutritional encephalomalacia induced by lauryl alcohol could be completely prevented by dietary supplementation of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate.

IN PRESENCE OF DODECANOL, DEPRESSION OF AMPLITUDE OF COMPD ACTION POTENTIAL BY BUTANOL (30 MMOL) WAS INCR.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) weight 0.12 g; Conditions: flow-through bioassay, water hardness 45.5 mg/L CaCO3, temp: 25 +/- 1 °C, pH 7.5, dissolved oxygen >60% of saturation; Concentration: 1.01 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod); Conditions: static; Concentration: 0.9 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit: 0.8-1.2 mg/L) /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifer); Conditions: static; Concentration: 810 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence limit: 767-1020 ug/L); Effect: decreased distance moved, change in direct movement

EC50; Species: Tetrahymena pyriformis (Ciliate); Conditions: static; Concentration: 1.58 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population growth /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochiris (Bluegill sunfish); Conditions: static bioassay; Concentration: 894 mg/L for 96 hr. /Alcohol mixture containing 66% dodecanol/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), reported Koc values of 2042-3388 in humic acid(2), indicate that 1-dodecanol is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-dodecanol from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.19X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Dodecanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.48X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Theoretical BOD values using standard 5-day aerobic sewage tests ranged from 20-29.7%(5-7) indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 7700 in suspended solids and 2337-11,184 in sediment(2), indicate that 1-dodecanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.19X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 27 hours and 12 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 11 months when adsorption is considered(5). 1-Dodecanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 48(SRC), from its log Kow of 5.13(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Theoretical BOD values, using standard 5-day aerobic sewage tests ranged from 20-29.7%(9-11), indicate that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-dodecanol, which has a vapor pressure of 8.48X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-dodecanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1-Dodecanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Dodecanol is used principally as chemical intermediate for salts of n-dodecyl sulfate and foam stabilizer for alcohol sulfate surfactants. It is also used in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, perfumes, and as a flavoring agent. The substance is practically non-toxic, and is a permitted food additive (GRAS) in both the U.S. and the EU. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact for 48 hours with 4% 1-dodecanol in petrolatum was not irritating to 25 human volunteers, but marked skin irritation was noted when 25% 1-dodecanol in mineral oil was given in open contact with scarified skin of 5 to 10 volunteers once a day for 3 days. There was no skin sensitization in 25 human volunteers at a concentration of 4% in petrolatum. ANIMAL STUDIES: Aspiration of 0.2 mL of 1-dodecanol produced death among 9 out of 10 rats. The deaths were caused by pulmonary edema rather than cardiac arrest or respiratory failure as with the C3 to C10 alcohols. The lungs were dark red; seven rats died within 7 to 30 min, and two rats died 5 hr or longer after dosing. 1-Dodecanol did not cause developmental or reproductive toxicities when tested in rats at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 2000 mg/kg /day for 14 days prior to mating. 1-Dodecanol, in the doses administered, had no effect on fetal weight, weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency in the parental generation. When tested for carcinogenicity, 1-dodecanol showed weak tumor-promoting activity when applied three times a week for 60 weeks to the skin of mice that had previously received an initiating dose of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In another study, in 6-8 week old mice, ip injections of dodecanol in 0.1 mL tricaprylin (12.0 g/kg to 30 animals in high dose group, and 2.4 g/kg to 28 animals in low dose group) was administered 3 times weekly for eight weeks. Papillomas developed in 2 of 30 mice after 39 and 49 weeks of treatment. Lung tumors were observed in 2/15 female mice in the high dose group, and in 2/15 males and 3/13 females in the low dose group. 1-Dodecanol was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the Ames assay with and without metabolic activation, or to Escherichia coli without metabolic activation. However, it diminished cell mitotic activity and caused structural changes to chromosomes and the mitotic apparatus in Vicia faba after 14 hours exposure. ECOTOXICITY: Although Dodecanol exhibits non-polar CNS depressant toxicity to aquatic organisms of about 1 mg/L, the substance is readily degradable and releases during production, or through diffuse uses of the free alcohol do not give rise to environmental concerns.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Although dodecanol exhibits non-polar narcotic toxicity to aquatic organisms of about 1 mg/L, the substance is readily degradable and releases during production, or through diffuse uses of the free alcohol do not give rise to environmental concerns.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Five month old Bluegill sunfish (average weight 0.63 grams, length 37 mm) acclimatized to test water for 24 hours prior to testing. Forty-eight hours before initiating the test the fish were taken off feed. Ten fish placed in each test vessel at concentrations of 0, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L. No mortality was observed at 24, 48, or 96 hour intervals, except in the high dose fish at 96 hours, where mortality was 70%. Behavioral observations made during the test indicated that Bluegill sunfish exposed to 560 mg/L and higher exhibited abnormal surfacing behavior and became quiescent.

1-Dodecanol emission rates from green leaf composite samples and dead leaves were 96 ug/g and 44 ug/g, respectively(1).

1-Dodecanol detections in plants(1).[Table#2805]

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Sedation.

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Lauryl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Lauryl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use as a component of adhesives.

Residues of lauryl alcohol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: surfactant.

Section 4(g)(2)(A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether or not products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e., active ingredient-specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing aliphatic alcohols as an active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing aliphatic alcohols (C6 - C16). The Agency has completed its assessment of the human health and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing aliphatic alcohols (C6 - C16). The Agency has determined that aliphatic alcohol-containing products are eligible for reregistration provided that label amendments are made as outlined in Chapter V. ... The Agency has identified eye-irritation concerns that warrant specific label language concerning personal protective equipment (PPE) and the length of restricted-entry intervals after application for tobacco uses of the aliphatic alcohols (C6 - C16). If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, the eye-irritation concerns will have been mitigated. Should a registrant fail to implement any of the reregistration requirements identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address these concerns.

New Active Ingredients ... includes pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984, that currently have active product registrations. By law, these newer pesticides are not subject to the reregistration program. They must, however, meet the new safety standard of the FQPA, and will be reviewed on a 15-year cycle under the registration review program. ... Active Ingredient Number: 001509; Type of Pesticide: biological - insect pheromone; Use Site: food use; Year: 1992.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. Decanol is found on List D. Case No: 4004; Pesticide type: Insecticide, herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Decanol; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/01/93; AI Status: All products containing this pesticide that were subject to reregistration have been cancelled. However, recently registered products contain this pesticide as a new active ingredient.

Used to manufacture sulfuric acid esters (wetting agents) and in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, and perfumes; Also used as a flavoring agent and as a foam stabilizer for alcohol sulfate surfactants; [HSDB] Used to make surfactants for detergents, cleaning products, shampoos, cosmetics, lubricants, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, and antioxidants; Also used to make biocides and disinfectants; 1-Dodecanol is used in foam control, aluminum rolling, metalworking, and in the rubber, textiles, cosmetics, and perfume industries; Also used as a froth flotation agent and a flavoring ingredient in non-alcoholic beverages, ice cream, candy, baked goods, chewing gum, and syrups; [CHEMINFO] Used as Lepidoptera pheromone in apple and pear orchards; [EPA]

Aluminum Producing [Category: Industry]

Used to make detergents, sulfonic acid esters (wetting agents), thiodipropionate, lauryl chloride, specialty ethoxylates, sulfate defoamers, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, rubbers, textiles, perfumes, and foaming agents; [HSDB]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

For 1-dodecanol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 001509 ) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Manufacture of sulfuric acid esters which are used as wetting agents.

2023: 50,000,000 - <100,000,000 lb

(1972) 2.2X10+10 G (INCL C10+ LINEAR ALCOHOLS)

(1975) 1.01X10+11 G (INCL HIGHER ALCOHOLS)

(1986) >10 million-50 million pounds

(1990) >50 million-100 million pounds

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 1-DODECANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use as a chemical intermediate for n-dodecyl sulfate salts is believed to consume the largest quantity of 1-dodecanol; production of ethoxylated 1-dodecanol is probably the next largest market (1976)

In the U.S.A. approximately 20,000 lbs/year are used in fragrances, and some typical concentrations reported in personal care products include soaps (0.01 - 0.09%), detergents (0.002 - 0.018%), lotions and creams (0.005 - 0.02%) and perfumes (0.09 - 0.25%).

Addition of ethylene to triethylaluminum followed by oxidation of the trialkylaluminum growth product, hydrolysis, and fractional distillation; catalytic hydrogenation of methyl laurate.

Prepared by the reduction of esters of lauric acid with sodium and absolute alcohol ... or by high pressure hydrogenation of the esters using copper chromite catalyst.

Reduction of coconut-oil fatty acids.

In former times prepared solely from natural products...now also mfg from ethylene by the Ziegler process and by the Shell version of the oxo process. /C12 to C18 alcohols/

LAURYL ALCOHOL WAS PREVIOUSLY PREPARED COMMERCIALLY BY REDUCTION OF ETHYL LAURATE (FROM COCONUT OIL) WITH SODIUM & ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL, BUT PRESENTLY IS MFR BY CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF COCONUT OIL FATTY ACIDS OR THEIR ESTERS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.

PREPARED BY THE REDUCTION OF ESTERS OF LAURIC ACID WITH SODIUM AND ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL OR BY HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGENATION OF THE ESTERS USING COPPER CHROMITE CATALYSTS

Grades: Technical, Food Chemical Codex

Royaltac-M (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.

Off-Shoot-T (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.

C8-C10 Fatty Alcohol Technical (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 42.6%; 1-decanol 56.7%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 1-DODECANOL (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TECHNICAL & F.C.C

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

1-Dodecanol: ACTIVE

Dodecanol: ACTIVE

... 1-dodecanol (PC code 001509), was first registered for use as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant in 1993.