t-Butyl bromide

Other Classes -> Halogenated Aliphatics, Saturated

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

Miscible with organic solvents

In water, 600 mg/L at 25 °C

18.3 °C

Flash point: -16.3 °C

135.0 [mmHg]

135.3 mm Hg at 25 °C

Danger

H225 (98%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Propane, 2-bromo-2-methyl-

Propane, 2-bromo-2-methyl-: HSNO Approval: HSR001088 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Caused local irritation and necrosis to skin of mice and eyes of rabbits; Positive results in mutagenicity test; Emergency medical treatment: see 2-Bromopropane. [HSDB] Tumorigenic; [RTECS] Highly flammable; May cause irritation or burns to skin and eyes; [CAMEO]

Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as T-BUTYL BROMIDE, are moderately or very reactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. Burning generates toxic fumes of bromine.

Flam. Liq. 2 (98%)

Flammable agents - 3rd degree

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN 2342; Bromomethylpropanes

IMO 3.2; Bromomethylpropanes

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 128(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 600 mg/L(2) and a regression derived equation(3), indicates that t-butyl bromide is expected to have high mobility in soils. Volatilization of t-butyl bromide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.041 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) calculated from a vapor pressure of 135 mm Hg(4) and the water solubility(2). The potential for volatilization of t-butyl bromide from dry soil surfaces exists(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 128(SRC), determined from a measured water solubility of 600 mg/L(2) and a regression derived equation(3), indicates that t-butyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur rapidly(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.041 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from a vapor pressure of 135 mm Hg(4) and the water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 5 days, respectively (SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 16(SRC), from its water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). t-Butyl bromide is an alkyl halide which is susceptible to hydrolysis; however the rate of this reaction has not been measured for this particular compound. Hydrolysis of t-butyl bromide is likely in water at pH 7, 25 °C, as similar compounds, t-butyl chloride and isopropyl bromide have half-lives of 23 seconds and 2.1 days, respectively(6). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2005).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), t-butyl bromide , which has a vapor pressure of 135 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase t-butyl bromide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The Koc of t-butyl bromide is estimated as 128(SRC), using a measured water solubility of 600 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that t-butyl bromide is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 16 was calculated for t-butyl bromide (SRC), using a measured water solubility of 600 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for t-butyl bromide is estimated as 0.041 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 135 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 600 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that t-butyl bromide is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). t-Butyl bromide's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of t-butyl bromide from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Tert-butyl bromide absorbed through the skin and exerted local irritating and necrotizing action when applied to skin of mice or eyes of rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A slight but significant increase in average number of lung tumors/mouse was noted following multiple injections of tert-butyl bromide.

/GENOTOXICITY/ 71 compounds tested, 26 mutagenic (including tert-butyl bromide). Many alkyl halides were mutagenic in dessicators, but not in standard Salmonella/microsome assay, probably due to their volatility.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of t-butyl bromide with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 39 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). t-Butyl bromide is not expected to undergo direct photolysis in the environment since it does not contain functional groups that absorb light in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC). t-Butyl bromide is an alkyl halide, which is susceptible to hydrolysis; however, the rate of this potential reaction has not been measured for this particular compound(SRC). Hydrolysis of t-butyl bromide is likely in water at pH 7, 25 °C, as similar compounds, t-butyl chloride and isopropyl bromide have half-lives of 23 seconds and 2.1 days, respectively(2).

Occupational exposure to t-butyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where t-butyl bromide is produced or used; however, exposure may be limited to research laboratory personnel owing to its application as a lab reagent. (SRC)

t-Butyl bromide's production and subsequent use as a laboratory reagent for organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 135 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates that t-butyl bromide will exist solely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase t-butyl bromide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 39 days. If released to soil, t-butyl bromide is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 128. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.041 atm-cu m/mole. The potential for volatilization of t-butyl bromide from dry soil surfaces exists based upon its vapor pressure. No terrestrial or aquatic biodegradation data were located for t-butyl bromide. If released into water, t-butyl bromide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 hour and 5 days, respectively. Although no measured hydrolysis rates are available for this compound, hydrolysis of t-butyl bromide is possible in water at pH 7, 25 °C, as similar compounds, t-butyl chloride and isopropyl bromide have half-lives of 23 seconds and 2.1 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 16 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to t-butyl bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where t-butyl bromide is produced or used. (SRC)

LD50 Mouse ip 4400 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 1250 mg/kg

Used as a laboratory reagent for organic synthesis; [HSDB]

Laboratory reagent for organic synthesis