1,2-Butadiene

1,2-Butadiene decomposes to complex product mixtures when irradiated at short (147 nm) and intermediate (220-260 nm) wavelength light. Photodecomposition products for the 220-260 nm include: methylacetylene, 1-butyne, and allene. Similar products were found after photolysis 147 nm along with an unidentified polymer.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Gas Vapor; Liquid

Volatile, colorless liquid or vapor; A gas at 25 deg C; [HSDB]

Danger

H220 (89.3%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]；H224 (10.7%): Extremely flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]；H280 (100%): Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]；H411 (10.7%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P222, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P377, P381, P391, P403, P403+P235, P410+P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 346 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: 1,2-Butadiene

1,2-Butadiene is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,2-Butadiene are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 12-08-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1919

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-butadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.097 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1,260 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 24(SRC), determined from an estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.097 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 70 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.06(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). No biodegradation data were located for 1,2-butadiene(SRC), but the biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(8). These data suggest that 1,2-butadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-butadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 1,260 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,2-butadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 15 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(3). The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 12 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.75X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC), estimated with a structure estimation method(4). The gas phase reaction of 1,2-butadiene with nitrate radicals may be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night(5), but the rate of this reaction is not known.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2-butadiene can be estimated to be 24(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

1,2-Butadiene is a minor byproduct in the production of 1,3-butadiene. Consequently, the production and use of 1,3-butadiene in the manufacture of polymers such as synthetic rubber, plastics and resins may result in the release of 1,2-butadiene to the environment through various waste streams(1). There are no current commercial interests in 1,2-butadiene; however, there are a number of patents and publications regarding its recovery and application particularly in the specialty polymer area and as a gel inhibitor(1).

No biodegradation data regarding 1,2-butadiene were located, however data on its structural isomer, 1,3-butadiene are available(1-4). Laboratory studies employing pure bacterial cultures isolated from lake and soil samples were shown to degrade 1,3-butadiene to 1,2-epoxybutene, however it is not clear what the rate of degradation is under environmental conditions(1-3). The biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days(4). These data suggest that 1,2-butadiene will also undergo biodegradation under similar conditions(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated for 1,2-butadiene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.06(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-butadiene is estimated as 0.097 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-butadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1 hour(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 70 hours(SRC). 1,2-Butadiene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-butadiene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 1,260 mm Hg(3).

The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of 1,2-butadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 15 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of 1,2-butadiene with ozone molecules has been estimated as 9.7X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). In general, the night time degradation of diolefins by the gas-phase reaction with nitrate radicals may be important in urban areas or in heavily polluted atmospheres(4), and this may be an important removal process for 1,2-butadiene, but the rate of this reaction is not known(SRC). 1,2-Butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to a lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(5).

1,2-Butadiene is a minor byproduct in the production of 1,3-butadiene. Consequently, the production and use of 1,3-butadiene in the manufacture of polymers such as synthetic rubber, plastics and resins may result in the release of 1,2-butadiene to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1,260 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,2-butadiene will exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase 1,2-butadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 15 hours. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone is estimated to be 12 days. The gas phase reaction of 1,2-butadiene with nitrate radicals may also be an important atmospheric removal process in urban areas at night, but the rate of this reaction is not known. If released to soil, 1,2-butadiene is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 24. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.097 atm-cu m/mole. 1,2-Butadiene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,2-butadiene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. No biodegradation data were located for 1,2-butadiene, but the biodegradation half-life of 1,3-butadiene in aerobic waters has been reported as 7 days and the half-life in anaerobic waters was reported as 28 days. These data suggest that 1,2-butadiene will also be biodegraded in aquatic systems. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 70 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 8 suggests the potenti

If contact of the liquid form of 1,3-butadiene with the skin occurs, frostbite may develop. If frostbite develops, cover the frostbitten part with a warm hand or woolen material. If the fingers or hand are frostbitten, have the victim hold his hand in his armpit next to his body. Then place the frostbitten part in warm water, about 42 °C (108 °F). If warm water is not available, or is impractical to use, wrap the affected part gently in blankets. Let the circulation re-establish itself naturally. Encourage the victim to exercise the affected part while it is being warmed.

In the event of an emergency, institute first aid procedures & send for first aid or medical assistance. If liquid butadiene gets into the eyes, wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the lower & upper lids occasionally. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. If liquid butadiene gets on the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If liquid butadiene soaks through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately & flush the skin with water. Do not use hot water for flushing. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention. If a person breathes in large amounts of butadiene, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm & allow person to rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Move the affected person from the hazardous exposure. If the exposed person has been overcome, notify someone else & put into effect the established emergency rescue procedure. Do not become a casualty. Understand the facility's emergency rescue procedures & know the locations of rescue equipment before the need arises.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory rest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Chemical: 1,2-Butadiene

1,2-Butadiene is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,2-Butadiene are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 12-08-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1919

Used as a gel inhibitor in olefin polymerization, the primary feedstock for polybutadiene homopolymer, and a small by-product of 1,3-butadiene production; Occupational exposure may occur where 1,3-butadiene is produced or used. [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Gel inhibitor in olefin polymerization.

1,2-Butadiene is the primary feedstock for polybutadiene homopolymer.

1,2-Butadiene is a small by-product in the production of 1,3-butadiene and has no significant current commercial interest. However, there are a number of publications and patents on its recovery and applications, particularly in the specialty polymer area and as a gel inhibitor.

2023: 850,000 - <1,000,000 lb；2022: 550,000 - <700,000 lb；2021: 10,000,000 - <50,000,000 lb；2020: 250,000 - <400,000 lb

One manufacturer in 1977 produced between 1 million to 10 million lb.

1,2-Butadiene is prepared by vapor-phase isomerization of 2-butyne.

Eberly KC; Process for Preparing 1,2-Butadiene. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. U.S. Patent No. 3,567,794 (1985). ... Dehydrochlorination of 2,3-dichloro-2-butene or 1,2-dichloro-2-butene or a mixture of both.

1,2-Butadiene is ... produced ... as a byproduct or an unisolated isomer in 1,3-butadiene production.

Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing；Petroleum Refineries；Petrochemical Manufacturing

1,2-Butadiene: ACTIVE

LOWER MEMBERS OF ... /ALKENES/ BUTADIENE ... ARE WEAK ANESTHETICS AND SIMPLE ASPHYXIANTS. /ALKENES/