2-Chloropropionic acid

Other Classes -> Organic Acids

Corrosives

1.2585 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2585 @ 20 °C/4 °C

1.3 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.001

1.2585

SOL IN ALL PROP IN WATER, ALC, ETHER; SOL IN ACETONE

Solubility in water: miscible

225 °F (USCG, 1999)

225 °F (107 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

106 °C c.c.

225 °F

366 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

187 °C

186 °C

186 °C

366 °F

-12.1 °C

-12 °C

1.06 [mmHg]

0.13 torr @ 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.10

Danger

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Propanoic acid, 2-chloro-

Hazard Traits - Reproductive Toxicity

Status: Active Update: 28-04-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5225

2-Chloropropionic acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Corrosive

Corrosive

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May contain hydrogen chloride and phosgene.

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Harmful if inhaled. Irritating to throat. May cause severe skin and eye burns. Harmful if absorbed through skin. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.

Acids, Carboxylic

Acids, Carboxylic

A halogenated organic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

2-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID is neutralized in exothermic reactions by all bases. Reacts with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolves if neutralization generates a soluble salt. May react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. May corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Reacts with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to generate a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but some heat. Can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. May initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze other chemical reactions. Fire produces highly toxic chloride fumes (USCG, 1999).

Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride. Reacts violently with strong bases and strong oxidants. The substance is a medium strong acid. Attacks many metals. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Small fires: dry chemical, CO2, water spray or foam; large fires: water spray, fog or foam. Water or foam may cause frothing. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

INHALATION: Move to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

General First Aid:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will display high mobility in soil(6). Its pKa, 2.80(7), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9 and, therefore, adsorption to soil as a result of hydrophobic interactions will only be significant under highly acidic conditions(SRC). Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(8) and vapor pressure of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 deg(9), 2-chloropropanoic acid is no expected to volatilize from either moist or dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 2-chloropropanoic acid is expected to degrade under both aerobic(1-3) and anaerobic conditions(3). An estimated bioconcentration factor of 2(4,SRC) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(5) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly bioconcentrate in fish and aquatic organisms. An estimated soil adsorption coefficient 62(4,5,SRC) indicates that it will not significantly adsorb to sediment and suspended organic matter. Its pKa, 2.80(6), indicates that it is essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9. Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C using a group contribution approach(7), the rate of volatilization of 2-chloropropanoic acid to the atmosphere will be slower then water itself(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: If released to the atmosphere, 2-chloropropanoic acid may undergo oxidation by a gas-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated rate constant for this reaction of 1.06X10-12 cu-cm/molec-sec at 25 °C(1) translates to an atmospheric half-life of 8.3 hrs(SRC) using an average atmospheric hydroxyl radical concn of 5X10+5 molec/cu-cm(2). Its relatively high estimated water solubility of 3 g/L(3) obtained from an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(4) indicates that 2-chloropropanoic acid may also undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition process(SRC).

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the soil adsorption coefficient for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 62(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that it will display high mobility in soil(3). The chemical structure of chlorinated aliphatic acids was described as one that suggests little or no adsorption to a soil colloid(4).

TOXICITY STUDIES INDICATE IT TO BE CORROSIVE TO THE EYE AND SKIN. MILD TO MODERATE SKIN BURNS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS WITH ACUTE EXPOSURES TO THE LIQ. NO IRRITATION WAS NOTED IN EMPLOYEES EXPOSED TO THE VAPOR AT TWA CONCN UP TO 0.35 PPM, WITH EXCURSIONS TO 1.95 PPM.

When 2-chloropropanoic acid was incubated with sewage, 10% degradation (expressed as chlorine released) was observed after 2 days; when the sewage was acclimated to sucrose, 36% degradation occurred in 2 days(1). Using a sewage sludge inocula, 2- chloropropanoic acid underwent essentially complete removal within 30 days under aerobic conditions; under anaerobic conditions 75% removal was observed(2). It was degraded by digester sewage sludge inocula raised on fatty acids(3).

2-Chloropropanoic acid was found to support growth of bacteria isolated from soil (Rhizobium)(1). Pure cultures of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Agrobacterium, Pseudomonas sp, Nocardia sp, Bacillus sp, as well as fungi and actinomycetes, have been found to degrade 2-chloropropanoic acid(2-8). The major metabolite in the degradation of 2-chloropropanoic acid is glycolate(8).

Based on an estimated log octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.76(1), the bioconcentration factor for 2-chloropropanoic acid can be estimated to be 2(SRC) using a regression-derived equation(2). The magnitude of this value indicates that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms will not be a significant process(SRC).

Based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1), 2-chloropropanoic acid is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil to the atmosphere. Volatilization from water will be slower than water itself(2,SRC). An estimated vapor pressure for 2-chloropropanoic acid of 2.1 mm Hg at 25 °C(3) indicates that it may rapidly volatilize from dry soil to the atmosphere(SRC). The pKa of 2-chloropropanoic acid, 2.80(4), indicates that it will be essentially completely ionized under environmentally significant pHs of 5-9(SRC). The ionized form of 2-chloropropanoic acid will not significantly volatilize to the atmosphere(SRC).

Used as an intermediate in agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical production; [ACGIH]

INTERMEDIATE FOR WEED KILLERS

CHEM INT FOR DALAPON, SILVEX & MECOPROP HERBICIDES

CHEM INT FOR DICHLORPROP & BENZOYLPROP-ETHYL HERBICIDES