Benzoylhydrazine

Binary mixtures of the osteolathyrogens benzoic hydrazide and beta-aminopropionitrile were tested to determine the joint action for these chemicals, by evaluating induction of malformation and osteolathyrism in developing frog embryos. Exposures, starting with late-blastula stage embryos, were for 96-hr with solution renewal every 24-hr. Five treatments were examined, each chemical alone (i.e., 1:0 and 0:1 solutions) and three mixtures (i.e., 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). Following exposure, embryos were evaluated grossly and the incidences of all types of malformations and osteolathyrogenic lesions were determined. Toxic unit analysis and isobole diagrams indicated these chemicals were concentration additive in inducing malformations and osteolathyrism. Therefore, benzoic hydrazide and beta-aminopropionitrile induce osteolathyrism, in Xenopus embryos, in a similar manner.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Binary mixtures of the osteolathyrogens benzoic hydrazide and beta-aminopropionitrile were tested to determine the joint action for these chemicals, by evaluating induction of malformation and osteolathyrism in developing frog embryos. Exposures, starting with late-blastula stage embryos, were for 96-hr with solution renewal every 24-hr. Five treatments were examined, each chemical alone (i.e., 1:0 and 0:1 solutions) and three mixtures (i.e., 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). Following exposure, embryos were evaluated grossly and the incidences of all types of malformations and osteolathyrogenic lesions were determined. Toxic unit analysis and isobole diagrams indicated these chemicals were concentration additive in inducing malformations and osteolathyrism. Therefore, benzoic hydrazide and beta-aminopropionitrile induce osteolathyrism, in Xenopus embryos, in a similar manner.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Large number of ... hydrazine derivatives are convulsants including ... benzhydrazide...

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ .../Benzhydrazide is among/ hydrazine deriv /which/ have been observed to cause alterations in liver function, fatty infiltration, or cellular damage. ... Characteristic liver pathology seen after effective doses of hepatotoxic hydrazines is fatty degeneration ... most marked in center of liver lobules.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ There may also be damage to other organs, particularly kidney /after effective doses of hepatotoxic hydrazines incl benzhydrazide./ ... Other pathological changes, such as extramedullary hepatopoiesis, pigment (hemosiderin) deposition in cells, and vascular thrombosis, are secondary to blood cell destruction.

Biological half-lives were significantly different among the three acetylation phenotypes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05): 3.94+/-1.70 hours for slow acetylators, 2.25+/-0.37 hours for intermediate acetylators, and 1.86+/-0.67 hours for rapid acetylators. /Hydrazine/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Hydrazine and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or a dextrose strip or glucometer reading less than 50 mg/dl) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary. Draw blood sample before administration ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Hydrazine and Related Compounds/

Specific treatment for exposure consists of thorough washing of all exposed skin areas with soap and water, copious irrigation of the eyes, and prompt removal of the patient from the source of exposure. /Hydrazines/

After inhalation, observation for progressive respiratory distress is necessary. Chest X-ray and arterial blood gases should be monitored. Administration of oxygen, intubation, and assisted ventilation may become necessary. Pneumonia and bronchitis need to be excluded. /Hydrazines/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for BENZHYDRAZIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.