Amyl Acetate

Cosmetic ingredients (Amyl Acetate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Solvent

log Kow = 2.30

2.30

2.18

2.0

0.876 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8756 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.88

0.88

0.879 @ 20°C

0.88

Warning

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Warning

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Acetic acid, pentyl ester

Acetic acid, pentyl ester is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Acetic acid, pentyl ester are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Acetic acid, pentyl ester: HSNO Approval: HSR001083 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Flammable. Above 25 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

Irritation of eyes, nose and throat. Dizziness, nausea, headache. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Esters may induce narcosis in animals, but workers' exposures are limited by irritating effects. See appendix in: [Dick RB, et al. Chemicals in the workplace: incorporating human neurobehavioral testing into the regulatory process. Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):439-53.] The pentyl acetates are sensory irritants in the work environment. At higher levels in animal experiments, they cause narcosis, hepatotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. 1-Pentyl acetate has low dermal toxicity, and Skin notation is not warranted. [ACGIH]

1104 129

1104 129

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for n-Amyl acetate:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

1531.0 [ppm]

50.0 [ppm]

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Amyl acetates/

Storage temp: ambient (cool)

Large quantities should be stored outdoors, in above ground storage tanks. Drums should be stored in a cool, well ventilated area. All storage containers should be grounded.

1) Remove all ignition sources. 2) Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3) For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. n-Amyl acetate should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion.

Environmental considerations: Air spill - Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Amyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Water spill - Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use surface active agent (e.g., detergent, soaps, alcohols), if approved by EPA. Inject "universal" gelling agent to solidify encircled spill and increase effectiveness of booms. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Amyl acetates/

Environmental considerations: Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. /Amyl acetates/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. 2. By atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Amyl acetate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for amyl acetate (primary): Activated carbon.

LC50; Species: Chlorococcales (Green Algae Order); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 1300000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C; Concentration: 210000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-amyl acetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). n-Amyl acetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon a 5-day theoretical BOD of 31% using an acclimated mixed culture(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 34(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-amyl acetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a reported Henry's Law constant of 3.88X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 15(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.3(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation is expected to occur based upon 5-day theoretical BODs of 64% in fresh water and 35% in salt water(8) and a freshwater biodegradation half-life of 10 days determined from a river die-away test(9). Hydrolysis is expected to occur slowly based upon estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 2 years and 78 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-amyl acetate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-amyl acetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 51 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). n-Amyl acetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, nose; dermatitis; possible central nervous system depression, narcosis

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-amyl acetate can be estimated to be 34(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-amyl acetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

... Occurs naturally in various fruit, such as volatile aroma of banana oil, where it is biosynthesized from L-leucine. ... Has been identified in yeasts, liquors, & in the alarm system for the honeybee's defense.

OCCURS IN PEARS AND CONTRIBUTES TO THEIR SCENT.

n-Amyl acetate occurs in fruits(1-2) and may be released into the environment as a plant volatile(SRC).

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 1/26/94; Reporting date: 3/28/94.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. n-Amyl acetate is included on this list. Effective date: 1/26/94; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

A testing consent order is in effect for amyl acetate for health effects testing. FR citation: 1/23/95.

Residues of amyl acetate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: Solvent, cosolvent, attractant.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Amyl acetates are produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Amyl acetates/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Amyl acetate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

CIR ingredient: Amyl Acetate

Used as a solvent for surface coatings, photographic films, nail polish, printing inks, and fabric finishes; also used as a flavoring agent, an odorant, a dry cleaning agent, and an insecticide; [ACGIH]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Solvent for lacquers and paints, extraction of penicillin, photographic film, leather polishes, nail polish, warning odor, flavoring agent, printing and finishing fabrics, solvent for phosphors in fluorescent lamps.

USED IN PRE SPOTTING AND SPOTTING IN DRY CLEANING INDUSTRY; MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FRUIT FLAVORING AGENTS, USED AS A VEHICLE FOR STIFFENING AGENT IN MANUFACTURE OF STRAW HATS.

Used as a solvent, cosolvent, and/or attractant in pesticide formulations.

2023: 5,500,000 - <7,000,000 lb

Acetic acid, pentyl ester is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5172]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Acetic acid, pentyl ester. Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million pounds.

Grades: Commercial (85-88%), high test (85-88%), technical (90-95%), pure (95-99%); special antibiotic grade. Amyl acetate is also sold by original source, as from fusel oil, pentane, or Oxo process.

Commercial amyl acetate is a mixture of isomers, the composition and properties depending upon the grade and derivation. The principal isomers are isoamyl, normal, and secondary amyl acetates.

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENTFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Acetic acid, pentyl ester: ACTIVE

Primary amyl acetate is a liquid mixture of the isomeric forms of pentyl acetate.