1,2-Diethylhydrazine

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas fired type, in which a first stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak tight. Horizontal laminar flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one piece & close fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, 1,2-diethylhydrazine may be subject to rapid dehydrogenation to azoethane; this reaction is catalyzed by the presence of small amounts of heavy metal ions (i.e. copper(2+)(1). Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1,2-diethylhydrazine will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Hydrazines are weak bases and should exist predominantly in their protenated forms at pH values below their pKa value(9). A positive charge on the hydrazine could either increase or decrease the adsorption capacity of this compound depending on the soil and the pH(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-diethylhydrazine should not be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-diethylhydrazine from dry soils may exist(SRC) based on the estimated vapor pressure of this compound(5,SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine may also photolyze on soil surfaces(SRC) since hydrazines which strongly absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm)(6-8).

AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, 1,2-diethylhydrazine may be subject to rapid dehydrogenation to azoethane; this reaction is catalyzed by the presence of small amounts of heavy metal ions (i.e. copper(2+)(1). Based on a recommended classification scheme(2), an estimated Koc value of 80(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1,2-diethylhydrazine should not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 1(1,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine may also photolyze upon exposure to sunlight since hydrazines strongly absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm)(7-9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-diethylhydrazine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 69 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-diethylhydrazine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 3 hours(3,SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine may undergo direct photolysis(SRC) as hydrazines contain chromophores which strongly absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm)(4-6).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2-diethylhydrazine can be estimated to be about 80(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-diethylhydrazine has high mobility in soil(SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine is a weak base (pKa 7.71(3)) and should exist predominantly in its protonated form at pH values below its pKa value. A positive charge on the hydrazine could either increase or decrease the adsorption capacity of this compound depending on the soil and the pH(SRC). Thus, it is uncertain whether the estimated Koc value would be a reliable indicator of the mobility of this compound(SRC).

1,2-Diethylhydrazine

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 4: (1974) Some Aromatic Amines, Hydrazine and Related Substances, N-Nitroso Compounds and Miscellaneous Alkylating Agents

1999

1998

An estimated BCF value of 1 was calculated for 1,2-diethylhydrazine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.45(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

At the air-water interface, 1,2-diethylhydrazine will be present predominantly as azoethane with which it is in rapid redox equilibrium(1,SRC). By analogy to the fate of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, it is assumed that this reaction is easily reversible and does not, in itself, result in destruction of the compound but may serve as a mechanism for removal via degradation and transport of azoethane(2,SRC). The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-diethylhydrazine is estimated as 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(3). This value indicates that 1,2-diethylhydrazine will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(4,SRC). 1,2-Diethylhydrazine's Henry's Law constant(3,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces should not occur(SRC). The estimated vapor pressure of 1,2-diethylhydrazine at 25 °C is 69 mm Hg(5,SRC), and therefore the potential for volatilization from dry soils may exist(SRC).

... SINGLE IV INJECTIONS OF 50 & 150 MG/KG BODY WT SYMMETRICAL DIETHYLHYDRAZINE /WERE GIVEN/ TO PREGNANT BD RATS ON 15TH DAY OF GESTATION. OF OFFSPRING 18/19 & 11/12, RESPECTIVELY, DIED BETWEEN 126TH & 498TH DAY WITH TUMORS OF BRAIN, SPINAL CORD OR PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. THIS FINDING WAS SUBSEQUENTLY CONFIRMED IN A LARGE NUMBER OF ANIMALS.

RATS OF SEVERAL BD-STRAINS WERE INJECTED SC ONCE WEEKLY WITH 25, 50 OR 100 MG/KG BODY WT (CALCULATED AS BASE) OF NEUTRALIZED AQ SOLN OF SYMMETRICAL 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE DICHLORIDE FOR 30 WK. THE TOTAL DOSES WERE 770, 1400, & 2700 MG/KG BODY WT. TUMORS IN THE BRAIN, OLFACTORY BULBS, MAMMARY GLANDS & LIVER WERE SEEN IN 43/45 RATS. THE AVG LATENT PERIODS RANGED FROM 250 DAYS AT THE LOWEST DOSE TO 215 DAYS AT THE HIGHEST DOSE. /NO DATA GIVEN FOR CONTROLS. 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE/

THE POSSIBLE METABOLITES OF SYMMETRICAL DIETHYLHYDRAZINE, AZOETHANE & AZOXYETHANE HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE CARCINOGENIC. AZOETHANE, IN SC INJECTIONS OF 50 MG & 100 MG/KG BODY WT ONCE WEEKLY FOR LIFETIME OR FOR 13 WK TO A TOTAL OF 22 BD RATS, INDUCED TUMORS IN ALL ANIMALS. THE TUMORS WERE LOCALIZED IN THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM, LIVER, FORESTOMACH, NASAL CAVITY & BRAIN. /NO DATA FOR CONTROLS. 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE METABOLITES/

A single iv injection of 50 mg/kg body wt azoxyethane on the 15th day of gestation and inhalation exposure of an evaluated dose of 37-150 mg/kg body wt azoxyethane on the 15th or 22nd day to BD rats resulted in a high incidence of neurogenic tumors in the offspring (Druckrey, 1973). /Azoxyethane (metabolite of 1,2-diethylhydrazine)/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DIETHYLHYDRAZINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of 1,2-diethyhydrazine were available. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of 1,2-diethylhydrazine in experimental animals. Overall evaluation: 1,2-Diethylhydrazine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

In the presence of trace amounts of heavy metal ions (i.e. Cu+2), which act as catalysts, 1,2-diethylhydrazine is rapidly dehydrogenated in aerobic solutions to azoethane(1,SRC). Hydrazines contain chromophores which strongly absorb UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths greater than 290 nm)(2-4), suggesting that 1,2-diethylhydrazine may be susceptible to photolysis when exposed to sunlight(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-diethylhydrazine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.4X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(5,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(5,SRC).

U086; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when N,N'-diethylhydrazine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).