Basic information
- CAS
1867-66-9- Standard SMILES
CNC1(c2ccccc2Cl)CCCCC1=O.Cl- InChIKey
VCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N- Molecular formula
- C13H17Cl2NO
- Average molar mass
- 274.18 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 273.06871952
Overview
Ketamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of a synthetic derivative of cyclohexanone with analgesic and anesthetic activities. Although its mechanism of action is not well understood, ketamine appears to non-competitively block N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and may interact with opioid mu receptors and sigma receptors, thereby reducing pain perception, inducing sedation, and producing dissociative anesthesia.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Ketamine Hydrochloride
- IUPAC
- 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one;hydrochloride
Names & synonyms
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE1867-66-9VetalarKetavetKETAMINE HCL2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCL 369(+-)-Ketamine hydrochlorideCN-52,372-2Ketamine hydrochloride ciiiKetamine (as hydrochloride)CI-581
Show more names
O18YUO0I83DTXSID4040137Ketamini hydrochloridumCL-369(+-)-2-(o-Chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone hydrochlorideCN-523722CN-52372-2Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride
Database identifiers
- CAS
1867-66-9- PubChem CID
- 15851
- DTXSID
DTXSID4040137- ChEMBL
CHEMBL1714- UNII
- O18YUO0I83
- EC Number
- 217-484-6
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 29.1 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 2
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 2
- Rotatable bonds
- 2
- Heavy atoms
- 17
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 269
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Human Drugs
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
Animal DrugsActive Ingredients (Ketamine Hydrochloride) -> FDA Greenbook
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.1% (1 of 90) of reports.
Warning
H302 (96.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 90 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Status: Active Update: 25-06-2015 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/11308
Ketamine hydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Cyclohexanone, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-, hydrochloride, (.+-.)-: Environment tier I assessment
Hazard Classes and CategoriesAcute Tox. 4 (96.7%)
Toxicology
TreatmentSupportive ventilation should be employed. Mechanical support of respiration is preferred to administration of analeptics. (L1712)
Health EffectsChronic use of ketamine may lead to cognitive impairments including memory problems. [Wikipedia]
Exposure RoutesRapidly absorbed following parenteral administration.
Toxicity Summary
Chemistry & industry
Pharmacology
Metabolism/MetabolitesHepatic.
Half Life: 2.5-3 hours.
FDA Pharmacological Classification
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
General Anesthetic [EPC]; General Anesthesia [PE]
MeSH Pharmacological Classification
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Ketamine is primarily used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with some sedative drug. Other uses include sedation in intensive care, analgesia (particularly in emergency medicine), and treatment of bronchospasm. It is also a popular anesthetic in veterinary medicine. [Wikipedia] For use as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
Use ClassificationAnimal Drugs -> FDA Approved Animal Drug Products (Green Book) -> Active Ingredients
Related reactions
2 records
Compound notes
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