Dipentylamine

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

USE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, FOAM, OR WATER SPRAY. WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE. USE WATER SPRAY TO KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS COOL. APPROACH FIRE FROM UPWIND TO AVOID HAZARDOUS VAPORS & TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Evacuation: If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

TREATMENT OF SECONDARY AMINES (SUCH AS DIPENTYLAMINE) WITH NITROUS ACID IN DIL AQUEOUS SOLN GAVE OPTIMUM YIELD OF NITROSAMINES BETWEEN PH 1 & 3, CORRESPONDING TO CONDITIONS IN HUMAN & ANIMAL STOMACH. SYNTHESIS OF NITROSAMINES IN STOMACH OF RATS WAS DEMONSTRATED WHEN DIET WAS SUPPLEMENTED WITH SODIUM NITRITE & SECONDARY AMINES OF LOW BASICITY. PRODUCTION OF MALIGNANT TUMORS THROUGH FORMATION OF NITROSAMINES IN STOMACH OCCURRED ONLY IF NITRITE WAS PRESENT IN STOMACH CONCOMITANTLY WITH SECONDARY AMINES WHICH READILY FORM CARCINOGENIC NITROSAMINES.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,800(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.76(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dipentylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). A pKa value of 11.16(4) indicates that the protonated form of dipentylamine will be the dominant species in moist soil surfaces and cations generally adsorb strongly to soils. Volatilization of dipentylamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the cation will not volatilize. Dipentylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Screening biodegradation studies on other aliphatic amines(6-11) suggest that dipentylamine may biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,800(SRC) from an estimated log Kow of 3.76(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that dipentylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa value of 11.16(4) indicates that the protonated form of dipentylamine will be the predominant species in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important fate process(SRC) since the protonated form will not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 156(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Screening biodegradation studies on other aliphatic amines(7-12) suggest that dipentylamine may biodegrade in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dipentylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dipentylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), from its rate constant of 9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Dipentylamine is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum(SRC).

Burning sensation. Cough. Headache. Nausea. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

The Koc of dipentylamine was estimated as 1,800(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.76(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dipentylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of dipentylamine is 11.16(4), indicating that the protonated form will be the predominant species in moist soils and cations are expected to adsorb strongly to soil surfaces.

The acute inhalation toxicity of diamylamine (2050-92-2) was evaluated in 6 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (5/sex/group) exposed for 4 hours to diamylamine vapor in a environmental chamber at average metered concentrations of 43, 52, 60, 67, 75, and 82 ppm. All mortality occurred within 24 hours of exposure and an LC50 with 95% confidence limits calculated by the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon was 66 (59-73) ppm. Among the decedents, tremors and clonic convulsions during exposure often heralded death; There were no other outward signs of pathology. During 14-week post-exposure observation, all but 4 females of the survivors gained weight. Examination of upper and lower respiratory tract, liver, heart, GI tract and kidneys from both study survivors and lethalities identified no gross pathology.

Dermal irritancy and corrosivity of di-amylamine (2050-92-2) was evaluated in 6 New Zealand White rabbits each administered three 0.5 mL dermal applications upon intact skin at 3 distinct sites. The semi-occlusive bindings covering the 3 applications were removed and the skin cleansed of any residual test article at 3-minute, 1-hour, and 2-hour intervals respectively. Signs of irritation or corrosion were assessed immediately and at 1 hour following removal of the patches according to the Dermal Grading System for Potential In-Depth Injury at the 3-minute sites and by the method of Draize at the 1- and 2-hour sites. Upon a 1-hour assessment after removal of the 2-hour application, humane euthanasia of all treated animals due to excessive dermal irritation terminated study. Nearly all test sites for all exposure periods exhibited slight to moderate blanching initially. The 3-minute exposure also produced slight necrosis at 1 site that was more severe and prevalent with increasing periods of exposure. Both 1-hour and 2-hour applications were also characterized by severe erythema and slight-moderate edema. One hour following removal of patches, grade 1-4 necrosis was noted on all sites of 3-minute or 1-hour exposures, while grade 1-3 eschar and severe edema was found on all 2-hour exposure sites. Superficial lightening and erythema extending beyond the test site were also noted in both 1- and 2-hour sites, while ulceration beyond the test site characterized 2-hour sites only 1 hour after patch removal. Researchers concluded that di-amylamine is corrosive to rabbit skin at 3-minute, 1-hour and 2-hour long exposures.

Dipentylamine's production and use as a rubber accelerator, flotation reagent, dyestuffs and corrosion inhibitor, and as a solvent of oils, resins, and some cellulose esters(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 156 was calculated for dipentylamine(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.76(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

With a pKa of 11.16(1), dipentylamine will exist predominantly in its protonated form in the environment and the protonated form of dipentylamine will not volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(2). Dipentylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on its vapor pressure of 0.15 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).