Clonidine Hydrochloride

Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk, Human; Antihypertensive Agents; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

Danger

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

There is no specific antidote for clonidine overdosage. Clonidine overdosage may result in the rapid development of CNS depression; therefore, induction of vomiting with ipecac syrup is not recommended. Gastric lavage may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. Administration of activated charcoal and/or a cathartic may be beneficial. Supportive care may include atropine sulfate for bradycardia, intravenous fluids and/or vasopressor agents for hypotension and vasodilators for hypertension. Naloxone may be a useful adjunct for the management of clonidine-induced respiratory depression, hypotension and/or coma; blood pressure should be monitored since the administration of naloxone has occasionally resulted in paradoxical hypertension. Tolazoline administration has yielded inconsistent results and is not recommended as first-line therapy. (L1712)

Clonidine acts as an agonist at presynaptic alpha(2)-receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata. Stimulation of these receptors results in the supression of efferent sympathetic pathways and the subsequent decrease in blood pressure and vascular tone in the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature. Clonidine is also a partial agonist at presynaptic alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors of peripheral nerves in vascular smooth muscle.

Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)

Clonidine hydrochloride

Ambiguous-DILI-concern

3

Adverse reactions

DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015

Hepatic. Metabolized via minor pathways. The major metabolite, <i>p</i>-hydroxyclonidine, is present in concentrations less than 10% of those of unchanged clonidine in urine. Four metabolites have been detected, but only <i>p</i>-hydroxyclonidine has been identified. Half Life: 6-20 hours; 40-60% is excreted in urine unchanged, 20% is excreted in feces. Less than 10% is excreted by <i>p</i>-hydroxyclonidine.

CLONIDINE HCI

Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]; Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA]

CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Adrenergic alpha2-Agonists [MoA]; Central alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

May be used as an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension, as an epidural infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of severe cancer pain that is not relieved by opiate analgesics alone, for differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in hypertensive patients, prophylaxis of vascular migraine headaches, treatment of severe dysmenorrhea, management of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, rapid detoxification in the management of opiate withdrawal, treatment of alcohol withdrawal used in conjunction with benzodiazepines, management of nicotine dependence, topical use to reduce intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle and secondary glaucoma and hemorrhagic glaucoma associated with hypertension, and in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).