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Perchloric Acid

HCID 24247
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Basic information

CAS
7601-90-3
Standard SMILES
[O-][Cl+3]([O-])([O-])O
InChIKey
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular formula
ClHO4
Average molar mass
100.46 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
99.9563362

Overview

Perchloric acid, with more than 50% but not more than 72% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Names & identifiers

Preferred name
Perchloric Acid
IUPAC
perchloric acid
English name
PERCHLORIC ACID
Molecular formula
ClHO4
Molecular weight
100.46

Names & synonyms

PERCHLORIC ACID7601-90-3V561V90BG2CHEBI:29221Dioxonium perchlorate solutionDTXSID8047004RefChem:6111DTXCID6027004231-512-4ClHO4Perchlorsaeureperchioric acid
Show more names
PERCHLORIC ACID 70%Perchloric acid, ca. 70% Solution in WaterPerchloric acid, Puriss. p.a., ACS Reagent, 70% (Hg ?0.0000005%), packed in coated, shock- and leak-protected glass bottle70-72%GR，70-72%PerchlorsureFraude's reagentacideperchlorique
UeberchlorsaeureHSDB 1140EINECS 231-512-4UN1802UNII-V561V90BG2HClO4hydroxidotrioxidochlorine0.5N Perchloric Acid

Database identifiers

CAS
7601-90-3
PubChem CID
24247
DTXSID
DTXSID8047004
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1161634
ChEBI
CHEBI:29221
UNII
V561V90BG2
EC Number
231-512-4
Nikkaji
J43.590B

Properties

Computed structural propertiesFilling in

XLogP
2.3
Topological polar surface area
71.4 Ų
Hydrogen bond donors
1
Hydrogen bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
0
Heavy atoms
5
Formal charge
0
Complexity
114

Experimental & physicochemical properties

Chemical Classes · 2 items

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Oxidizers

Reactive agents - 3rd degree

Odorodorless
Density · 5 items

1.6 to 1.7 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999)

1.768 @ 22 °C

VERY HYGROSCOPIC; COMBINES VIGOROUSLY WITH WATER WITH EVOLUTION OF HEAT; AQ ACID IS VERY CAUSTIC; DECOMP WHEN DISTILLED @ ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; DENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 25 °C: 65.0%= 1.597; 70.0%= 1.664; 75.0%= 1.731; DENSITY OF AQ SOLN @ 15 °C: 1%= 1.0050; 10%= 1.0597; 20%= 1.1279; 30%= 1.2067; 40%= 1.2991; 50%= 1.4103; 60%= 1.5389; 70%= 1.6736

Relative density (water = 1): 1.76 (22 °C)

1.77 @25 °C

Color/FormCOLORLESS, OILY LIQUID
Solubility · 2 items

MISCIBLE IN COLD WATER

Solubility in water: miscible

Boiling Point19 °C @ 11 MM HG
Decomposition19 °C
Melting Point · 4 items

Safety & regulation

Safety information is for reference only and does not replace the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS), applicable regulations, or professional assessment.

GHS classification

GHS Classification · 6 items

Danger

H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H271 (100%): May cause fire or explosion; strong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]

P210, P220, P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P283, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P330, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P390, P405, P406, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Hazard information

Regulatory Information · 4 items

Chemical: Perchloric acid

REACH registered substance: Perchloric acid (EC: 231-512-4)

Perchloric acid: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Perchloric acid: Human health tier II assessment
DOT Label · 2 items

Oxidizer Corrosive

Corrosive Oxidizer

Fire Hazards · 5 items

Behavior in Fire: Above 160 °C (320 °F) will react with combustible material and increase intensity of fire. Containers may explode. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· May explode from friction, heat or contamination.

Chemistry & industry

Uses & manufacturing

Uses · 6 items

Used as an oxidizer in analytical chemistry; its salts are used in explosives and electroplating baths; [Merck Index] Used as a catalyst, to make various esters, and in electrolytic bathes for lead deposition; [HSDB]

Electroplating [Category: Plate]

IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AS AN OXIDIZER & FOR SEPARATION OF POTASSIUM FROM SODIUM

EXPLOSIVES & FOR PLATING OF METALS /PERCHLORATE SALTS/

TITRATION REAGENT IN DETERMINATION OF 1H-BENZOTRIAZOLE IN AIR

CATALYST; MFR OF VARIOUS ESTERS; INGREDIENT OF ELECTROLYTIC BATH IN DEPOSITION OF LEAD

U.S. Exports(1986) No Data
U.S. Imports(1986) No Data
U.S. Production(1986) No Data
Methods of Manufacturing · 2 items

...FROM POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE & SULFURIC ACID: HANDBOOK OF PREPARATIVE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY VOL 1, G BRAUER, ED (ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK, 2ND ED, 1963) PAGES 318-320. COMPREHENSIVE MONOGRAPH: JC SCHUMACHER, PERCHLORATES (REINHOLD, NEW YORK, 1960).

Chemical reaction of sodium perchlorate and hydrochloric acid; direct electrolytic oxidation of cold (18 °C), very dilute (0.5N) hydrochloric acid; irradiating aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide; passing ozonized air through a solution of hydrochloric acid or sodium hypochloride; electrodialysis of perchlorate salts using ion-selective membranes

Formulations/Preparations · 4 items

GRADES: TECHNICAL; CP

...MARKETED ONLY IN MIXTURE WITH WATER CONTAINING 60-70% PERCHLORIC ACID, DENSITY 1.5 & 1.6, RESPECTIVELY.

DIOXONIUM PERCHLORATE SOLUTION; PERCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

Technical grade, CP; commercial aqueous solutions contain 65-70% HClO4

General Manufacturing Information · 2 items

Perchloric acid: ACTIVE

METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECTIFICATION

Related reactions

1,030 records
New reaction record
HRID 1174 reaction equation
HRID 1174As reactantuspto-grants-1998_03
HRID 5620 reaction equation
HRID 5620As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 5625 reaction equation
HRID 5625As reactantuspto-grants-1993_09
HRID 7507 reaction equation
HRID 7507As solventuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 7508 reaction equation
HRID 7508As solventuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 7509 reaction equation
HRID 7509As solventuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 7510 reaction equation
HRID 7510As solventuspto-grants-2006_08
HRID 7511 reaction equation
HRID 7511As solventuspto-grants-2006_08
Page 1 of 129

Compound notes

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-170 °F (USCG, 1999)

-112 °C

-112 °C

-112 °C

Vapor DensityRelative vapor density (air = 1): 3.5
Vapor Pressure6.8 [mmHg]
Physical Description · 4 items

Perchloric acid, with more than 50% but not more than 72% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Perchloric acid, with not more than 50% acid appears as a clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Colorless, odorless oily liquid; [HSDB] Highly hygroscopic; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Stability/Shelf Life · 4 items

VOLATILE

ON STORAGE EVEN IN DARK, ANHYDROUS ACID BECOMES DISCOLORED OWING TO DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS & MAY EXPLODE SPONTANEOUSLY

UNSTABLE IN CONCENTRATED FORM

fuming

Physicochemical properties

Melting point
-18 °C · -18 °C
Boiling point
203 °C · 203 °C
Density
1.664 g/mL · 1.664 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density
2.1 · ~2.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure
6.8 mm · 6.8 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index
1.419 · 1.419
Flash point
104 °F · 104 °F
storage temp.
Flammables area
solubility
Water (Sparingly)
pka
-7 · -7[at 20 ℃]
form
Solution
color
10 · APHA: ≤10
Specific Gravity
1.54 · approximate 1.54
Odor
Odorless
PH
0.1 · 0.1 (H2O, 20°C)
Water Solubility
Miscible with water.
Thermal Conductivity
0.192 W/ · 0.192 W/(m·K)
Merck
14 · 14,7153
Henry's Law Constant
9.9 · 9.9×103 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Jaeglé et al. (1996)
Stability
Stable. Avoid heat. May form explosive peroxides. Incompatible with a wide variety of substances, including organic materials, alcohols, amines, strong acids, strong bases, acid anhydrides, finely powdered metals, strong reducing agents. Contact with wood, paper and other celullose products may lead to explosion, as may contact with a vari
InChI
1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)
InChIKey
VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
OCl(=O)(=O)=O
LogP
-4.62 · -4.62
CAS DataBase Reference
7601 · 7601-90-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores
1 · 1
FDA UNII
561 V90BG2 · V561V90BG2
NIST Chemistry Reference
Perchloric acid(7601-90-3)
EPA Substance Registry System
Perchloric acid (7601-90-3)
UNSPSC Code
12352302 · 12352302
NACRES
21 · NB.21
Symbol(GHS)
3 · GHS03,GHS07
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
271 · H271-H290-H302-H314-H373
Precautionary statements
210 · P210-P280-P301+P312-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P314
target organs
Thyroid
Hazard Codes
C,O,Xi
Risk Statements
5 · 5-8-35-10-34-36/38
Safety Statements
23 · 23-26-36-45-36/37/39
RIDADR
1802 · UN 1802 8/PG II (PERCHLORIC ACID with not more than 50 % acid, by mass)
WGK Germany
1 · 1
RTECS
7500000 · SC7500000
F
3 · 3
Autoignition Temperature
485 °C · 485 °C
TSCA
TSCA listed
HS Code
3822 · 3822 00 00
HazardClass
8 · 8
PackingGroup
II
Storage Class
5.1 A · 5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials
Hazard Classifications
4 OralEye · Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Met. Corr. 1Ox. Liq. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT RE 2
Hazardous Substances Data
7601 · 7601-90-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
50 oral · LD50 oral (rat) 1100 mg/kg LD50 oral (dog) 400 mg/kg
REACH Registrations
Active
Excepted Quantities
Not Permitted as Excepted Quantity

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.

Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals, reducing agents or organic materials.

Fire Potential · 5 items

AQ ACID...MAY DEFLAGRATE IN CONTACT WITH OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

WILL INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF A FIRE. MAY CAUSE FIRE ON CONTACT WITH COMBUSTIBLES. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES IN CONTACT WITH SODIUM IODIDE OR HYDRIODIC ACID. ...MIXTURES OF 2-METHYLPROPENE & PERCHLORIC ACID VAPOR (5:1 MOLAR) IN NITROGEN IGNITE SPONTANEOUSLY @ 250 °C.

ANHYDROUS ACID IGNITES SULFINYL CHLORIDE.

...will ignite...by shock or heat.

Health Hazards · 4 items

Inhalation of vapors or mist causes burning sensation of nose and throat, and lung irritation with coughing; prolonged or excessive exposure could cause vomiting and severe coughing. Ingestion causes blistering and burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes blistering and burns. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

· TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.

Hazards Summary · 1 item

Highly corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pneumonitis and pulmonary edema; Causes liver injury in high-dose animal studies; [HSDB] Evolves heat when mixed with water--may explode; [Merck Index] A strong oxidant--a fire and explosion hazard; Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC]

DOT ID and Guide · 2 items

1873 143

1802 157

Reactive Group · 2 items

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

Acids, Strong Oxidizing

EC ClassificationSymbol: O, C; R: 5-8-35; S: (1/2)-23-26-36-45
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 5.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: I
Special Reports · 2 items

A REVIEW OF THE TOXICITY & HEALTH HAZARD OF PERCHLORIC ACID (17 REFERENCES).[MOREL C ET AL; TOXICOLOGICAL PAPER, NO 141: PERCHLORIC ACID (HCLO4); CAH NOTES DOC 94: 173-6 (1979)]

This data sheet describes the hazards of perchloric acid and the procedures necessary to avoid physical harm. Contents: Properties; uses; containers; shipping regulations; storage; personal hazards; handling; personal protective equipment; ventilation; fire and explosion hazards; symptoms of poisoning; first aid; toxicity; medical examinations; waste disposal.[Perchloric acid; National Safety Council, 444 North Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA, 4 pages (1982)]

Safety & protection

Fire Fighting · 3 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

In case of fire in the surroundings: water in large amounts, water spray. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

First Aid Measures · 4 items

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Accidental Release Measures · 4 items

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

First Aid · 4 items

Get medical attention following all exposures to this compound.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

Safe StorageFireproof. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed.
Firefighting HazardsASSUME THAT ORGANIC MATERIALS ARE INVOLVED & THAT AN EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR. USE CAUTION IN APPROACHING THE FIRE.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection · 2 items

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Fire Fighting Procedures · 2 items

COMBAT FIRES FROM SAFE DISTANCE OR PROTECTED LOCATION. FLOOD DISCHARGE AREA WITH WATER. COOL EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER. /AQUEOUS SOLN/

USE WATER SPRAY.

Storage Conditions · 2 items

REAGENT BOTTLE--MAX 1-LB, GLASS-STOPPERED, GLASS BOTTLE; KEPT IN A HEAVY GLASS TRAY WITH LARGER CAPACITY. ADDN LAB STORAGE SHOULD BE IN ORIGINAL BOTTLES INSIDE A GLASS CONTAINER PADDED WITH GLASS WOOL & HAVING GREATER CAPACITY THAN THE CONTAINER. CARBOYS & LARGE BOTTLES SHOULD BE STORED ON ACID-RESISTING NONCOMBUSTIBLE SHELVES, IN A NONCOMBUSTIBLE STRUCTURE. ALL STORAGE MUST BE SEPARATED FROM COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, ORG MATERIALS, STRONG DEHYDRATING AGENTS, OXIDIZING & REDUCING AGENTS. ...MUST BE STORED WHERE IT WILL NOT FREEZE... PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE. ELECTRICAL WIRING...IN STORAGE AREAS MUST BE OF WATERTIGHT TYPE TO PROTECT AGAINST CORROSIVE ACTION OF VAPORS.

...SHOULD BE STORED & USED IN GLASS OR OTHER INERT CONTAINERS (PREFERABLY UNBREAKABLE), & CORKS & RUBBER STOPPERS SHOULD NOT BE USED.

Cleanup Methods · 3 items

NEUTRALIZING AGENTS FOR ACIDS & CAUSTICS: FLUSH WITH WATER & RINSE WITH DILUTE SODIUM BICARBONATE OR SODA ASH SOLUTION.

REMOVE SPILLED PERCHLORIC ACID BY IMMEDIATE & THOROUGH WASHING WITH LARGE AMT OF WATER.

RADIOACTIVE WASTEWATER CONTAINING PERCHLORIC ACID IS TREATED BY SN, TI3+ OR MOO3, & AQ HCL. AFTER 2 HR 92.3% OF PERCHLORIC ACID WAS REDUCED.

Nonfire Spill Response · 2 items

Excerpt from ERG Guide 143 [Oxidizers (Unstable)]:

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Disposal Methods · 2 items

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Neutralization, landfill, & discharge to sewer: Reduce perchloric acid with weak reducing agent (hypobisulfite or ferrous salt, plus sulfuric acid as accelerator have been recommended), neutralize with sodium carbonate or calcium oxide. The reduced neutralized slurry may be flushed to the drain with high dilution; otherwise deposit in an approved landfill.

Toxicology

Ecotoxicity ValuesLC100 CYPRINUS CARPIO 180 PPM/24 HR @ 25 °C
Adverse EffectsOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.
Signs and Symptoms · 4 items

Sore throat. Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Loss of vision. Severe deep burns.

Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Shock or collapse. Vomiting.

ICSC Environmental DataThe substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.
Human Toxicity Excerpts · 1 item

SYMPTOMATOLOGY (...INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT AND ESOPHAGUS, WITH IMMEDIATE PAIN AND DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS...GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ACQUIRE A BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNKEN OR WRINKLED TEXTURE... 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN...MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING... AT TIMES, GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE MAY BE INTENSE, AND VOMITUS THEN CONTAINS FRESH BLOOD. PROFOUND THIRST. 3. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES AND TISSUES WITH WHICH THE ACID COMES IN CONTACT. AFTER THE INGESTION OF CONCN MINERAL ACID, THIS CORROSION MAY LEAD WITHIN A FEW HR OR A FEW DAYS TO GASTRIC PERFORATION AND PERITONITIS. 4. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE WITH CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP, AND SCANTY URINE. CIRCULATORY SHOCK IS OFTEN IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH. /ACIDS/

Non-Human Toxicity ExcerptsPERCHLORIC ACID, GIVEN ORALLY OR SC TO RATS & MICE, SHOWED IN ADDITION TO ITS IRRITATING EFFECT A SPECIFIC ANTITHYROID ACTION, & ALSO INDUCED ABNORMALITIES IN HEPATIC, RENAL, CARDIOVASCULAR, & HEMOPOIETIC FUNCTIONS.

Regulatory information

State Drinking Water Standards · 2 items

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

State Drinking Water Guidelines · 2 items

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

Safety data

F
3
wgk
1
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
SC7500000
ridadr
UN 1873 5.1/PG I (PERCHLORIC ACID with more than 50 % but not more than 72 % acid, by mass)
hs_code
3822 00 00
Toxicity
LD50 oral (rat) 1100 mg/kg LD50 oral (dog) 400 mg/kg
risk_code
5-8-35-10-34-36/38
Signal word
Danger
Symbol(GHS)
GHS03,GHS07
hazard_code
C,O,Xi
safety_code
23-26-36-45-36/37/39
hazard_class
8
Storage Class
5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials
packing_group
II
target organs
Thyroid
Hazard statements
H271-H290-H302-H314-H373
Excepted Quantities
Not Permitted as Excepted Quantity
REACH Registrations
Active
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Met. Corr. 1Ox. Liq. 1Skin Corr. 1ASTOT RE 2
Autoignition Temperature
485 °C
Precautionary statements
P210-P280-P301+P312-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P314
Hazardous Substances Data
7601-90-3(Hazardous Substances Data)
Applications · 6 items

DescriptionPerchloric acid (chemical formula: HClO4) is a kind of mineral acid which is highly corrosive to metals and tissues. It is even stronger than sulfuric and nitric acid. It is useful in the manufacture of perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate, which is an important rocket fuel component. It also has many applications in etching of liquid crystal displays and chrome, critical electronics applications, ore extraction and analytic chemistry. As a strong acid, it is useful eluent in ion-exchange chromatography due to its stability against hydrolysis. It can also be used for electropolishing/etching of aluminum, molybdenum, and other metals. In industry, it can be produced by two routes: (1) treatment of sodium perchlorate with hydrochloric acid; (2) anodic oxidation of aqueous chlorine at a platinum electrode.

DescriptionPerchloric acid is a corrosive inorganic liquid that is colorless, odorless, and oily in nature. It is miscible with water and has a boiling point of 203 °C, a melting point of 19 °C, and a low vapor pressure of 6.8mmHg at 25 °C. A cold 70% aqueous perchloric acid solution is considered to be a strong acid or superacid (stronger than sulfuric and nitric acids) but is not necessarily a strong oxidizing agent. However, as the concentration and temperature of the perchloric acid are increased, so does its oxidizing power. Hot concentrated solutions of perchloric acid can be extremely dangerous (explosion hazard, fire hazard). Perchloric acid can react violently at room temperature with cellulose materials (e.g., wood, paper), oxidizable organic materials (e.g., alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes), and strong basic materials, resulting in an increased risk of fire and/or explosion. When heated, perchloric acid can decompose and generate toxic and corrosive fumes. Many types of metals can react with perchloric acid to produce flammable/explosive gases. Because perchloric acid becomes increasingly unstable (volatile) with increasing concentration, it is not marketed at concentrations greater than 72% v/v in water. It may explode by shock or concussion as an anhydrous material (e.g., if a spill of 70% perchloric acid is allowed to dehydrate). Mixtures of perchlorates with oxidizable substances are often explosive. Perchloric acid is attracted to water and disassociates readily to yield the perchlorate anion. The toxicity of perchloric acid comes from the toxicity of the perchlorate anion.The potential danger of working with perchloric acid is sadly illustrated in a workplace tragedy. A mixture of perchloric acid and acetic anhydride exploded in a Los Angeles factory in 1947, killing 15, injuring 400, and causing $2 million in damages.

UsesThe acid in analytical chemistry as an oxidizer and for separation of potassium from sodium. Its salts for explosives and for plating of metals.

UsesPerchloric acid is used in the preparation of perchlorate salts (e.g., ammonium perchlorate, a solid oxidizer in rocket propellants). It is also used industrially for electropolishing and etching of various metals (e.g., aluminum, molybdenum). Perchloric acid is used in a process to separate potassium from sodium, as well as in many other laboratory tests and industrial processes (e.g., as an eluant in ion-exchange chromatography). Uses for the salts of perchloric acid include the manufacture of explosives and plating of metals. Perchlorate is also present in bleach and fertilizers.

UsesPerchloric acid salts are used as explosivesand in metal plating. They are also used as anoxidizer and as a reagent in chemical analysis. These salts are produced by distillingpotassium chlorate with concentrated H2SO4under reduced pressure..

General DescriptionA clear colorless odorless aqueous solution. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Closed containers may rupture violently under prolonged exposure to heat.

Upstream & downstream products

Upstream raw materials

Barium hydroxideSodium chlorateHydrochloric acidDihyperchloric anhydrideAmmonium perchlorateSilverNITROUS OXIDEHYDROXYL AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE

Downstream products

Jasmone5-AMINO-2-FLUOROPYRIMIDINE(R)-3-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-2-methylpropanoic acid(+)-DISPARLUREPOLYTHIOPHENE3-nitro-4-piperazin-1-ylbenzonitrile4-BROMO-3-NITROBENZONITRILEtert-Butyl carbamateALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE 1-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT HYDRATEO-Mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine1-BOC-4-(4-CARBOXY-2-NITROPHENYL)PIPERAZINEDicumyl peroxide3-Amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid5-AMINO-PYRIMIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACIDLithium perchlorateHydrogen peroxideOzone

Additional notes

DefinitionChEBI: Perchloric acid is a chlorine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a perchlorate.