Basic information
- Standard SMILES
[Li+].[OH-]- InChIKey
WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M- Molecular formula
- HLiO
- Average molar mass
- 24 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 24.0187442
Overview
Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.
Names & identifiers
- Preferred name
- Lithium Hydroxide
- IUPAC
- lithium hydroxide
- English name
- Lithium hydroxide
- Molecular formula
- LiOH
- Molecular weight
- 23.95
Names & synonyms
Lithium hydroxide1310-65-2Lithium hydrateLithium hydroxide anhydrousLithium hydroxide (Li(OH))903YL31JASCHEBI:33979DTXSID70893845215-183-4RefChem:5957DTXCID801323885G51XLP968G
Show more names
ithium hydroxideLithiuM hydroxide,anhydroLithium hydroxide ,99% [anhydrous]"Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous/ 99%"Lithium hydoxideHEXANE, 95+%, PRA GRADElithiumhydroxide(li(oh))lithiumhydroxideanhydrous
lithium;hydroxideLiOHLithiumhydroxidLithium hydroxide, anhydrousMFCD00011095HLiOLithium hydroxide flakeslithiumhydroxide
Database identifiers
- CAS
1310-65-2、64538-53-0- PubChem CID
- 3939
- DTXSID
DTXSID70893845- ChEBI
CHEBI:33979- UNII
- 903YL31JAS
- EC Number
- 215-183-4
- Nikkaji
- J43.856A
Properties
Computed structural properties
- Topological polar surface area
- 1 Ų
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 1
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 1
- Rotatable bonds
- 0
- Heavy atoms
- 2
- Formal charge
- 0
- Complexity
- 2
Experimental & physicochemical properties
Chemical ClassesOther Classes -> Bases
PolymersPlastics -> N.a.
CosmeticsBuffering; Hair waving or straightening
Density
2.54 g/cm³
1.45 @25 °C
SolubilitySolubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 12.8 (good)
Boiling Point1626 °C @760 [mm Hg]
Decomposition924 °C
Melting Point
450-471 °C
473 °C
Vapor PressureVapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: (negligible)
Food Contact SubstancesFCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR
Physical Description
Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.
Large Crystals; Liquid; Wet Solid; Dry Powder; Liquid
White crystals or granular powder; [AIHA] Readily absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air; [Merck Index] White odorless granules; Hygroscopic; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]
COLOURLESS-TO-WHITE HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS.
Physicochemical properties
- Melting point
- 470 °C · 470 °C (dec.) (lit.)
- Boiling point
- 925 °C · 925°C
- Density
- 1.43 · 1.43
- bulk density
- 550 kg/m3 · 550kg/m3
- storage temp.
- 30 °C · Store below +30°C.
- solubility
- 71 g/L · water: soluble71g/L at 20°C
- pka
- 14 · 14[at 20 ℃]
- form
- Solid
- Specific Gravity
- 2.54 · 2.54
- color
- White to light yellow
- Odor
- odorless
- PH
- 12 · 12 (50g/l, H2O, 50℃)
- Water Solubility
- 113 g/L · 113 g/L (20 ºC)
- Specific Heat Capacity
- 2.07 J/ · Cp(crystal): 2.07 J/(g·K); Cp(gas): 1.92 J/(g·K), at 25℃
- Sensitive
- Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
- Merck
- 14 · 14,5534
- Stability
- Stable. Incompatible with moisture. strong acids, carbon dioxide.
- Cosmetics Ingredients Functions
- HAIR WAVING OR STRAIGHTENINGBUFFERING
- InChI
- 1S/Li.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
- InChIKey
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- SMILES
- [Li+].[OH-]
- Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances
- LITHIUM HYDROXIDE
- FDA 21 CFR
- 175.39 · 175.390
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 1310 · 1310-65-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
- FDA UNII
- 903 YL31JAS · 903YL31JAS
- NIST Chemistry Reference
- Lithium hydroxide(1310-65-2)
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Lithium hydroxide (1310-65-2)
- UNSPSC Code
- 12352305 · 12352305
- NACRES
- 24 · NA.24
- Symbol(GHS)
- 5 · GHS05,GHS06,GHS08
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- 301 · H301+H331-H314-H360-H370
- Precautionary statements
- 501 · P501-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P330+P331-P363-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P405
- Hazard Codes
- C
- Risk Statements
- 52 · 52/53-35-20/22-22-34-23
- Safety Statements
- 45 · 45-36/37/39-26-22
- RIDADR
- 2679 · UN 2679 8/PG II/III (LITHIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION)
- WGK Germany
- 1 · 1
- RTECS
- 6307070 · OJ6307070
- TSCA
- TSCA listed
- HazardClass
- 8 · 8
- PackingGroup
- II
- HS Code
- 28252010 · 28252010
- Storage Class
- 8 A · 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
- Hazard Classifications
- 4 OralEye · Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B
- Toxicity
- 50 orally · LD50 orally in Rabbit: 210 mg/kg
- REACH Registrations
- Active
- Limited Quantities
- 1 Kg · 1 Kg (2.2 lbs) (solid)
- Excepted Quantities
- Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
Safety & regulation
GHS classification
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 9.7% (95 of 980) of reports.
Danger
H301 (12.6%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 980 reports by companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Danger
Hazard information
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH))
Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 17-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14855
Lithium hydroxide: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard
Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - Lithium hydroxide: Human health tier II assessment
DOT LabelCorrosive
Fire Hazards
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Not combustible.
Health Hazards
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Hazards SummaryCorrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] High inhalation exposure can cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC] Causes abnormal liver function test results in animal experiments; [RTECS] See Lithium oxide.
DOT ID and Guide
2680 154
2679 154
Reactive GroupBases, Strong
UN ClassificationUN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II
Reactivity AlertsKnown Catalytic Activity
Reactivity Profile
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE, SOLUTION neutralizes acids exothermically to form salts plus water. Reacts with certain metals (such as aluminum and zinc) to form oxides or hydroxides of the metal and generate gaseous hydrogen. May initiate polymerization reactions in polymerizable organic compounds, especially epoxides. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with ammonium salts, nitrides, halogenated organics, various metals, peroxides, and hydroperoxides. May serve as a catalyst. Reacts when heated above about 84 °C with aqueous solutions of reducing sugars other than sucrose, to evolve toxic levels of carbon monoxide [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].
Chemical Dangers
Decomposes on heating above 924 °C . This produces toxic fumes. The solution in water is a strong base. It reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium, tin and zinc. This produces flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen - see ICSC 0001). Reacts with strong oxidants.
Safety & protection
Fire Fighting
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.
First Aid Measures
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.
Accidental Release Measures
· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.
· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
First Aid
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
General First Aid:
General First Aid:
Safe StorageSeparated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants and strong acids. Store only in original container. Dry. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection
· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
Spillage Disposal
Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:
Immediate precautionary measure
Immediate precautionary measure
Eye PreventionWear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Inhalation RiskEvaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.
Skin PreventionProtective gloves. Protective clothing.
Toxicology
Adverse EffectsNeurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
Exposure RoutesThe substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.
Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.
Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.
Abdominal pain. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse.
ICSC Environmental DataThis substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to aquatic organisms.
Toxicity DataLC50 (rat) = 960 mg/m3/4hr
Safety data
- wgk
- 1
- tsca
- TSCA listed
- rtecs
- OJ6307070
- ridadr
- UN 2680 8/PG II (LITHIUM HYDROXIDE)
- hs_code
- 28252010
- Toxicity
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: 210 mg/kg
- risk_code
- 52/53-35-20/22-22-34-23
- Signal word
- Danger
- Symbol(GHS)
- GHS05,GHS06,GHS08
- hazard_code
- C
- safety_code
- 45-36/37/39-26-22
- hazard_class
- 8
- Storage Class
- 8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
- packing_group
- II
- Hazard statements
- H301+H331-H314-H360-H370
- Limited Quantities
- 1 Kg (2.2 lbs) (solid)
- Excepted Quantities
- Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml)
- REACH Registrations
- Active
- Hazard Classifications
- Acute Tox. 4 OralEye Dam. 1Skin Corr. 1B
- Precautionary statements
- P501-P260-P270-P202-P201-P271-P264-P280-P308+P311-P303+P361+P353-P301+P330+P331-P363-P301+P310+P330-P304+P340+P310-P305+P351+P338+P310-P403+P233-P405
Chemistry & industry
Uses & manufacturing
Uses
Used in photographic developing solutions, alkaline storage batteries, lithium-based greases, polymerization catalysts, carbon dioxide absorbents, alkyd paints, textile dye solubilizers, and copper electroplating baths; Produced along with lithium oxide when lithium-aluminum alloys are heated by welding or cutting; [AIHA] Used in cosmetics; [ExPub: EC]
Welding [Category: Weld]
U.S. Production2023: 10,000,000 - <25,000,000 lb
Consumer UsesLubricating agent
Industry UsesAbsorbent
Use Classification
Cosmetics -> Buffering; Hair waving or straightening
Plastics -> Polymer Type -> N.a.
General Manufacturing Information
Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)): ACTIVE
Applications
UsesLithium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte in certain alkaline storage batteries; and in the production of lithium soaps. Other uses of this compound include its catalytic applications in esterification reactions in the production of alkyd resins; in photographic developer solutions; and as a starting material to prepare other lithium salts.
UsesThe compound is soluble in water. The compound is used in the formulation of lithium soaps used in multipurpose greases; also in the manufacture of various lithium salts; and as an additive to the electrolyte of alkaline storage batteries. LiOH also is an efficient, light-weight absorbent for carbon dioxide.
UsesLithium hydroxide is used as a heat transfer medium, as a storage-battery electrolyte and also used for the production of lithium greases. It is also used in ceramics, in some portland cement formulations, in the absoption of carbondioxide from sealed enviornments such as submarines, spacecrafts and breathing apparatus. It is used in esterification reactions, as stabilizer in photographic developments and as a coolant in pressurized water reactors for corrosion control.
UsesLithium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide that is used in storage batteries and soaps and as CO2 absorber in spacecrafts.
General DescriptionLithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.
Preparation methods
PreparationLithium hydroxide is prepared by the reaction of lithium carbonate with calcium hydroxide: Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2LiOH + CaCO3 Calcium carbonate is filtered out and the solution is evaporated and crystallized. The product obtained is the monohydrate, LiOH•H2O. The anhydrous compound is obtained by heating the hydrate above 100°C in vacuum or carbon dioxide-free air. The hydroxide also may be prepared by treating lithium oxide with water.
Upstream & downstream products
Upstream raw materials
Downstream products
Additional notes
DefinitionA white crystalline solid, LiOH, is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether. It is known as the monohydrate (monoclinic; r.d. 1.51) and in the anhydrous form (tetragonal, r.d. 1.46; m.p. 450°C; decomposes at 924°C). The compound is made by reacting lime with lithium salts or lithium ores. Lithium hydroxide is basic but has a closer resemblance to group 2 hydroxides than to the other group 1 hydroxides (an example of the first member of a periodic group having atypical properties).
Related reactions
14,381 records
Linked notes
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