Retinoic Acid

Uses(1) Applies to abnormal tyshiyongyupe of acne, fish phosphorus disease and abnormal psoriasis. (2) Resistance to abnormal skin drugs. (3) Tretinoin mainly affects the growth of bones and epithelial metabolism, can promote epithelial cell proliferation and updates, and can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, so hyperkeratosis can be back to normal. Therefore many complete or incomplete keratosis, hyperkeratosis of diseases have a certain therapeutic effect, treat a variety of skin diseases. Tretinoin is mainly used in the treatment of psoriasis, ichthyosis, follicular keratosis, acne, lichen planus, verrucous epidermal nevus, impetigo, vitiligo, lichen psoriasis, the face of pityriasis alba, etc.

Descriptionall-trans Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and a ligand for retinoic acid receptors (RARs) with IC50 values of 9, 3, and 10 nM for RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, respectively, in radioligand binding assays. It induces expression of a luciferase reporter in COS-7 cells expressing RARα, RARβ, or RARγ (EC50s = 169, 9, and 2 nM, respectively). all-trans Retinoic acid (17 nmol) reduces papilloma formation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; ) in mice. It reduces bile duct proliferation, hydroxyproline levels, and liver inflammation in a rat model of α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced chronic cholestasis and reduces plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase and bile salts in the Mdr2-/- mouse model of cholestasis. all-trans Retinoic acid also reduces hepatic fat accumulation, triglycerides, body weight, and serum glucose levels in mice with Western diet-induced obesity.

UsesPhysiological metabolite of vitamin A. Effects gene expression via nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR); mediates cellular growth and differentiation

Usesretinoic acid (tretinoin) is a vitamin A derivative. It has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis, increase dermal hyaluronic acid levels, and stimulate fibroblast growth and the extracellular matrix. It is used for keratinization disorders and for treating acne. Retinoic acid’s anti-aging effect has been convincingly documented and it is often used for treating the visible signs of aging, though these results can take approximately 6 months to be visible. It is associated with a number of adverse effects, including irritation, photosensitivity, skin dryness, redness, and peeling. It should also not be used while pregnant.

General DescriptionYellow to light-orange crystalline powder.

General DescriptionTretinoin is available in 10-mg capsules for oral administrationin the treatment of APL. The mechanism of action involvespassive diffusion through the cell membrane andthen movement to the nucleus where it interacts with theretinoic acid receptor (RAR) portion of the PML-RAR fusionprotein. Binding of tretinoin allows the cell to differentiateand has also been shown to result in the destruction ofthe PML-RAR fusion protein. Resistance to tretinoin isproblematic and associated with an increase in cellularretinoic acid–binding proteins (CRAPBs) located in the cytosol.The complexation with tretinoin prevents movementinto the nucleus and may present the drug to metabolizingenzymes that inactivate it. Amino acid mutation of thePML-RAR protein has also been established as a mechanismof resistance. The agent is well absorbed upon oral administrationand highly (95%) protein bound. Metabolismoccurs in the liver and several inactive metabolites havebeen identified including 13-cis-retinoic acid, 4-oxo cisretinoic,4-oxo trans-retinoic acid and 4-oxo trans-retinoicacid glucuronide. Elimination occurs in the urine (63%) andfeces (31%) with an elimination half-life of 40 to 120 minutes.Vitamin A toxicity is seen in nearly all patients andpresents as headache, fever, dryness of the skin, skin rash,mucositis, and peripheral edema. APL differentiation syndromesuch as that seen for arsenic trioxide also occurs.Cardiovascular effects include flushing, hypotension, CHF,stroke, and myocardial infarction have been reported butoccur only rarely. There are also several CNS and GI effectsthat have been associated with the agent as well.

DefinitionChEBI: Retinoic acid is a retinoid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. It is a naturally occurring derivative of vitamin A (retinol). Retinoids such as tretinoin are important regulators of cell reproduction, proliferation, and differentiation and are used to treat acne and photodamaged skin and to manage keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and keratosis follicularis.