Pyrilamine

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. If symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop, immediately transport the victim to a hospital.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Concurrent use /of ototoxic medications/ with antihistamines may mask the symptoms of ototoxicity such as tinnitus, dizziness, or vertigo. /Antihistamines/

Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors with antihistamines may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects of antihistamines; concurrent use is not recommended. /Antihistamines/

Concurrent use /with alcohol or other CNS depression-producing medications/ may potentiate the CNS depressant effects of either these medications or antihistamines; also, concurrent use of maprotiline or tricyclic antidepressants may potentiate the anticholinergic effects of either antihistamines or these medications. /Antihistamines/

Anticholinergic effects may be potentiated when /anticholinergics or other medications with anticholinergic activity/ are used concurrently with antihistamines; patients should be advised to report occurrence of gastrointestinal problems promptly since paralytic ileus may occur with concurrent therapy. /Antihistamines/

Concurrent use /of other photosensitizing medications/ with antihistamines may cause additive photosensitizing effects. /Antihistamines/

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=91-84-9]

In acute poisoning with H1 antagonists, their central excitatory effects constitute the greatest danger. The syndrome includes hallucinations, excitement, ataxia, incoordination, athetosis, and convulsions. Fixed, dilated pupils with a flushed face, together with sinus tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth, and fever, lend the syndrome a remarkable similarity to that of atropine poisoning. Terminally, there is deepening coma with cardiorespiratory collapse and death, usuallY within 2 to 18 hours. Treatment is along general symptomatic and supportive lines. /Histamine Antagonists: H1 Antagonists/

... SIDE EFFECTS INCL DRYNESS OF ... RESP PASSAGES, SOMETIMES INDUCING COUGH; URINARY FREQUENCY & DYSURIA; PALPITATION; HYPOTENSION; HEADACHE; TIGHTNESS OF CHEST; TINGLING, HEAVINESS, & WEAKNESS OF HANDS. ... ALLERGIC DERMATITIS IS NOT UNCOMMON. /ANTIHISTAMINES/

IN SMALL CHILD ... SYNDROME OF POISONING INCL ... ATAXIA, INCOORDINATION, ATHETOSIS ... FIXED, DILATED PUPILS WITH FLUSHED FACE ... ARE COMMON. /ANTIHISTAMINES/

ALTHOUGH H1-BLOCKING DRUGS HAVE RELATIVELY HIGH MARGIN OF SAFETY, ACUTE POISONING WITH THEM IS COMMON. ... IN CHILDREN, 20 TO 30 TABLETS OR CAPSULES OF MOST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ANTIHISTAMINES REPRESENTS LETHAL OR NEAR-LETHAL DOSE. /ANTIHISTAMINES/

Mepyramine (Pyrilamine) ... applied as 2.5% solutions to the eyes of rabbits have caused rapid clouding of the corneal epithelium, local-anesthesia, and transitory swelling of the cornea, with recovery in a few days.

ORAL OVERDOSAGE USUALLY PRODUCES DROWSINESS OR ATAXIA, PARENTERAL OVERDOSAGE MAY PRODUCE CNS STIMULATION.

... Including ... mepyramine maleate (Anthisan) ... have undesirable side-effects, although none is highly toxic. All, but to varying degrees, produce spasmolysis and local anaesthesia and have an antifibrillatory action on the myocardium. Small doses of some antihistamines produce depression, drowsiness, salivation and vomiting. Intravenous therapeutic doses of mepyramine may cause transient nervous signs, with incoordination and apparent visual disturbances, in horses and cattle.

Use is not recommended in newborn or premature infants because this age group has an increased susceptibility to anticholinergic side effects, such as central nervous system excitation, and an increased tendency toward convulsions. A paradoxical reaction characterized by hyperexcitability may occur in children taking antihistamines. /Antihistamines/

Dizziness, sedation, confusion, and hypotension may be more likely to occur in geriatric patients taking antihistamines. Geriatric patients are especially susceptible to the anticholinergic side effects, such as dryness of mouth and urinary retention (especially in males), of the antihistamines. If these side effects occur and continue or are severe, medication should probably be discontinued. /Antihistamines/

THERE IS NO SPECIFIC THERAPY FOR ANTIHISTAMINE POISONING, AND TREATMENT IS ALONG GENERAL SYMPTOMATIC AND SUPPORTIVE LINES. ... SHOULD BREATHING FAIL, MECH SUPPORT OF VENTILATION OFFER SAFER AND ... EFFECTIVE MEANS OF MAINTAINING RESP THAN USE OF ANALEPTICS WHICH ARE PRONE TO INITIATE OR INTENSIFY CONVULSIVE PHASE. /ANTIHISTAMINES/

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

MEDICATION

MEDICATION (VET)

(1977) 4.7X10+6 G-PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS-MALEATE

(1979) 3.2X10+7 G-PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS-MALEATE

(1977) PROBABLY MORE THAN 4.54X10+5 G-MALEATE

(1979) PROBABLY MORE THAN 4.54X10+5 G-MALEATE

PREPARED BY CONDENSING 2-(N-P-METHOXYBENZYL)-AMINOPYRIDINE WITH DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL CHLORIDE, OR BY CONDENSING N,N-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL-ALPHA-AMINOPYRIDINE WITH P-METHOXYBENZYL CHLORIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF SODAMIDE OR LITHAMIDE.

TREATMENT OF THE PURE BASE WITH AN EQUIMOLAR QUANTITY OF MALEIC ACID YIELDS THE MALEATE. /MALEATE/

Antisan, Dorantamin, Enrumay, Hisan, Histatex, Histosol, Paraminyl maleate, Stamine. /maleate/

PYRILAMINE MALEATE IS ALSO EMPLOYED IN A NUMBER OF PROPRIETARY ANTITUSSIVE FORMULATIONS. /MALEATE/

AMONG OTHER POTENTIALLY HYPNOTIC INGREDIENTS IN SUCH PRODUCTS /NONPRESCRIPTION SLEEP AIDS IS/...THE ANTIHISTAMINE PYRILAMINE...

PYRILAMINE MALEATE (ALLERTOC, NEO-ANTERGAN). USUAL PREPARATION: TABLETS, 25 AND 50 MG; OTHER PREPARATIONS AVAILABLE: VARIOUS (IN COMBINATIONS). /MALEATE, FROM TABLE/