Potassium Perchlorate

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

General First Aid:

OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES SHOULD...NOT BE STORED ALONGSIDE COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS ORGANIC MATERIALS & METAL POWDERS &...SHOULD NOT BE KEPT NEAR REDUCING AGENTS.../THEY SHOULD BE SEGREGATED/ FROM ALL OTHER MATERIALS IN SUITABLE CONTAINERS IN FIRE-RESISTING STORE WHERE THEY CANNOT ACCIDENTALLY COME IN CONTACT WITH WATER. /OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES/

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE CAPSULES SHOULD BE PROTECTED FROM LIGHT, HUMIDITY, & HEAT & HAVE AN EXPIRATION DATE OF 6 MONTHS FOLLOWING DATE OF MANUFACTURE.

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ANY FORMULATION CONTAINING POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE BE KEPT AT ROOM TEMP SINCE PRECIPITATION OF THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT MAY OCCUR IF REFRIGERATED.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

VENTILATION CONTROL: WHERE THERE IS DANGER OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES BEING RELEASED INTO ATMOSPHERE, HAZARD AREA SHOULD BE FITTED WITH EXHAUST VENTILATION. /OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES/

...MOST RADICAL SAFETY & HEALTH MEASURE IS TO RATIONALIZE PROCESSES IN WHICH OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES ARE (EMPLOYED. REPLACEMENT OF BATCH BY CONTINUOUS PROCESSES, MECHANIZATION, AUTOMATION & REMOTE CONTROL, SUBSTITUTION OF SAFER MATERIALS & PROCESSES, ENCLOSURE OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS & PROCESS PLANT; THIS MINIMIZES DEGREE OF RISK... /OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES/

IN GENERAL, MOST RADICAL SAFETY & HEALTH MEASURE IS TO RATIONALIZE PROCESSES IN WHICH OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES ARE EMPLOYED (...ENCLOSURE OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS & PROCESS PLANT); THIS MINIMIZES DEGREE OF RISK... /OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In case of oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mol) of water or milk. Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. Following inhalation, Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)

/POTASSIUM/ PERCHLORATE MAY INTERFERE WITH IODIDE UPTAKE BY THYROID FOR 3 DAYS OR MORE.

IM ADMIN OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE 11.5 MG/G TO QUAIL PRETREATED WITH (131)I 1-6 HR PREVIOUSLY GAVE A DISCHARGE OF THE LABELED OVARIAN IODIDE.

Adverse effects on a wide variety of organ systems can result from disruption in the availability of T3 to target tissues. Organ systems affected by disturbances in T3 levels include the skin, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, blood, neuromuscular system, central nervous system, skeleton, male and female reproductive systems, and numerous endocrine organs, including the pituitary and adrenal glands. Such an array of secondary potential targets underscores the need to maintain an adequate level of circulating thyroid hormones. Perchlorate, an environmental contaminant, is known to disturb the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis by blocking iodide accumulation in the thyroid. Iodide deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism and goiter (L894, A267).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L894) ; oral (L894) ; dermal (L894) ; eye contact (L894).

The primary and most sensitive target of the perchlorate anion (perchlorate) is the thyroid gland. Perchlorate inhibits the transport of iodide (I-) from the blood into the thyroid follicle cells. The inhibition is thought to be accomplished by perchlorate competitively blocking iodide binding to a carrier, or sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which catalyzes the simultaneous transfer of Na+ and I-across the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicle cells. Perchlorate inhibition of the NIS can limit the availability of iodide needed for the production of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which in turn, may affect the circulating levels of T4 and T3. All known effects of perchlorate on the thyroid hormone system derive directly or secondarily from the inhibition of the NIS. T3 is essential for normal development of the nervous system and for the regulation of metabolism of cells in nearly all tissues of the body. Disruption in the availability of T3 in target tissues can result in adverse effects on a wide variety of organs and systems (L894).

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory system, depending on the route of exposure. Esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation could occur following exposures (L894).

THERE HAVE BEEN NO SIDE EFFECTS REPORTED AFTER SINGLE-DOSE ADMIN OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AS ADJUNCT TO SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TC 99M.

IN HIGHER DOSES AS ANTITHYROID AGENT, POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH GASTRIC IRRITATION, NAUSEA, VOMITING, FEVER, SKIN RASHES, LYMPHADENOPATHY, NEPHROTIC SYNDROME & RARELY, LEUKOPENIA, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, PANCYTOPENIA & FATAL APLASTIC ANEMIA.

SKIN, EYE & RESPIRATORY IRRITANT.

For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Chlorates and related compounds/

For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with D5W TKO. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Chlorates and related compounds/

0.0007

IRIS Current

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(MA) MASSACHUSETTS 2 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

Potassium perchlorate

A Commercial Grade

400

Explosive/Improvised Explosive Device Precursor material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques.

(CA) CALIFORNIA 6 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

(ME) MAINE 1 ug/L /Perchlorate ion/

Used in explosives, fireworks, rocket propellants, life-support systems for generating oxygen, and photography; Used as an oxidizing agent and laboratory reagent; [CHEMINFO] Used to make airbags for automobiles; [Luttrell, p. 132]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]

IN EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS & PHOTOGRAPHY; IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Explosives, oxidizing agent, photography, pyrotechnics and flares, reagents, oxidizer in solid rocket propellants.

INFLATING AGENT IN AUTOMOBILE SAFETY AIR BAGS

MEDICATION

CAPSULES, 200 MG; POWDER; EACH 200 MG CAPSULE OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE CONTAINS ABOUT 1.5 MILLIEQUIVALENTS OF POTASSIUM.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; REAGENT; ORDNANCE.

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Perchloric acid, potassium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

GREEN SPARKLERS CONTAIN BARIUM NITRATE, POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE, PLUS WHEAT PASTES, GUM, DEXTRIN & ALUMINUM POWDER. RED SPARKLERS CONTAIN STRONTIUM CARBONATE & NITRATE, POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE, PLUS GUMS, WHEAT PASTES, DEXTRIN & ALUMINUM POWDER.

FOLLOWING ADMIN OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE PRIOR TO SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TC 99M IN BRAIN IMAGING PROCEDURES, PERCHLORATE ION REDUCES LOCALIZATION OF PERTECHNETATE IN CHOROID PLEXUS & APPEARANCE OF UNWANTED IMAGE OF CHOROID PLEXUS ON BRAIN IMAGE.

...USED PRIMARILY AS ADJUNCT TO SODIUM PERTECHNETATE TC 99M TO MINIMIZE UPTAKE OF PERTECHNETATE IN CHOROID PLEXUS & SALIVARY GLANDS THEREBY ENHANCING VISUALIZATION OF INTRACRANIAL LESIONS & FACILITATING INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS OF BRAIN IMAGING PROCEDURES.

...USED IN CONJUCTION WITH SODIUM IODIDE (131)I IN PERCHLORATE DISCHARGE TEST TO MEASURE ABILITY OF THYROID TO BIND INORGANIC IODIDE TO TYROSINE.