Erucic Acid

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of propionyl-L-carnitine to prevent cardiac damage induced by erucic acid. Rats were fed for 10 days with normal or 10% erucic acid-enriched diets with or without propionyl-L-carnitine intraperitoneally injected, (1 mM/kg daily, for 10 days). The erucic acid diet produced increases in triglycerides (from 5.6 to 12.4 mg/gww, P less than 0.01), and free fatty acids (from 2.0 to 5.1 mg/gww, P less than 0.01), but no changes in phospholipids. When the hearts were perfused aerobically with an isovolumic preparation there was no difference in mechanical activity. On the contrary, when pressure-volume curves were determined, the pressure developed by hearts from the erucic acid-treated rats were reduced. Independent of diet, propionyl-L-carnitine treatment always produced positive inotropy. This was concomitant with improved mitochondrial respiration (RCI 5.1 vs 9.3, P less than 0.01), higher tissue ATP content (10.3 vs 18.4 mumol/gdw P less than 0.01) and reduction of triglycerides (12.4 vs 8.0 mg/gww, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that propionyl-L-carnitine, when given chronically, is able to prevent erucic acid-induced cardiotoxicity, probably by reducing triglyceride accumulation and improving energy metabolism.

Seven groups of 24 /male Wistar/ rats were /daily/ fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 or 30 cal% rapeseed oil /(relative concn of erucic acid were 0, 5.5, 11.0, 16.5, 22.0, 27.5 and 33.0 % of dietary fat respectively)/. All diets were made up to 40 cal% fat with sunflower seed oil. Eight animals from each group were killed after 3 days, 6 days, and 32 wk. In each case the skeletal muscles, heart, diaphragm and adrenals were examined microscopically. In addition the thyroids, testicles, pancreas, spleen, liver and kidneys from animals killed after 32 wk were microscopically examined. Growth: no clear relationship between body weight gain and erucic acid treatment was observed. The average body weight of animals fed 30 cal% rapeseed oil was consistently the lowest, and analysis of variance showed that this difference was almost significant by the end of the test. However, the average body weight of animals fed 20 and 25 cal% rapeseed oil were consistently the highest. No clear relationship between body weight and rapeseed oil treatment was observed. Organ weights: Some significant differences were observed between controls and animals treated with at least 15 cal% rapeseed oil. However, no clear treatment related differences were observed. Pathology: In the animals killed after 3 or 6 days, all animals fed rapeseed oil showed lipidosis of the heart, skeletal muscle, diaphragm and adrenals. The severity of lipidosis incr with the level of rapeseed oil. No other abnormalities were observed. In the animals killed after 32 wk, no treatment-related effects were observed in the skeletal muscle, thyroid, pancreas, or liver of any groups. Effects were observed in the kidneys - slight tubular dilation and incr luminal debris was observed in the renal tubules. These effects were most noticeable in the top dose group. Enlargement of the adrenal cortical cells was observed at 10 cal% and above; severity incr with dose. Cardiac changes were also observed, consisting of minimal lipidosis, foci of myocytolysis showing mononuclear cell proliferations, thickening of the reticular muscle fibre sheath, incr interstitial connective tissue elements and aggregates of Anitskow cells. These effects incr in severity with incr doses of rapeseed oil (especially above 10 cal%). Minimal deg of these changes were also observed in 2 control animals.

Weanling female /Sprague-Dawley/ rats were fed /daily/ diets containing 0.5%, 5%, 10% or 20% of one of the following fats/oils: coconut oil, butter, tallow, lard, olive oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil ... When rats were 50 days old, they were given a single oral dose of dimethylbenz [a] anthrene (DMBA). The diets were continued for 4 months ... More than 85% of the animals /in 20% dose levels/ developed tumors in all groups except those on tallow (80%) and rapeseed oil (77%) ... There tended to be more tumors/rat in animals fed unsaturated fats ... Most of the tumors were adenocarcinomas. /Rapeseed oil/

Eight groups of 5 /male Wistar/ rats were fed daily diets (ad libitum) containing 15% lipids for 12 days. The treatment groups were as follows: BR+: High brassidic acid (28% of lipids), low calcium (0.4%); BR-: Low brassidic acid (1.2% of lipids), low calcium; Br+ Ca: High brassidic acid, high calcium (9.2%); BR- Ca: Low brassidic acid, high calcium; ER+: High erucic acid (28% of lipids), low calcium; ER-: Low erucic acid (1.4% of lipids), low calcium; ER+ Ca: High erucic acid, high calcium; ER- Ca: High erucic acid, high calcium. /The remainder of lipids in each group were made up with maize oil./ There were no significant differences in food consumption alone or weight gain alone. However, if weight gain was adjusted to food consumption, it showed that weight gain for brassidic acid groups was lower in low calcium groups. Weight gain was unaffected for erucic acid groups. All 4 erucic acid groups showed similar levels of heart triglycerides, and C22:1. The hearts showed a mild lipidosis as compared to control rats ... For brassidic acid groups, low calcium decr the heart triglyceride levels. In addition, the triglyceride and C22:1 heart levels were higher in the 2 high brassidic acid groups.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for ERUCIC ACID (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 135,000 for the free acid(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that undissociated erucic acid is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of erucic acid is 4.7(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not an important environmental fate process as the acid is in the anion form and anions do not volatilize. Erucic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A 4.2-11% of the theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Warburg test (6), suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 135,000 for the free acid(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that undissociated erucic acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The estimated pKa of 4.7(3) indicates erucic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 9.69(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 4.2-11% of the theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Warburg test (8), suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), erucic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cis- and trans-erucic acid are degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 4.7 and 4.3 hours(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 8.1X10-11 and 8.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase erucic acid is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for cis-erucic acid and trans-erucic acid reactions in air are estimated to be 2.1 and 1.4 hours(SRC), respectively, calculated from rate constants of 1.3X10-16 and 2.0X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase erucic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Erucic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following ingredients are safe in the present practices of use andconcentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing, which may be basedon a QRA...Erucic Acid...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of undissociated erucic acid can be estimated to be 135,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that undissociated erucic acid is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of erucic acid is 4.7(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

A monoethenoid acid found in seed fats of Cruciferae and Tropaelaceae. It constitutes 40-50% of total fatty acids of rapeseed, mustard- and wallflower seed, and it represents up to 80% of fatty acids of nasturtium seeds.

IN 9 VARIETIES OF RAPESEED, ERUCIC ACID CONTENT VARIED BETWEEN 0.1 & 0.8%, MOST FREQUENTLY AT 0.5%.

Fats and oils from mustard seed, rapeseed, and crambe seed

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 15 men with adrenoleukodystrophy and 3 symptomatic heterozygous women were admin oleic and erucic acids (Lorenzos oil). Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia developed in 5 patients (platelet counts ranged between 37000 and 84000 per cu mm) but was reversed within 2 to 3 wk after erucic acid was omitted. In addition, long-term treatment with Lorenzos oil (for 24 to 43 mo) was associated with lymphocytopenia in these 5 patients. The observations suggested that the long-term treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy with Lorenzos oil can induce severe lymphocytopenia with immunosuppression and recurrent infections. /Lorenzo's oil/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The effect of erucic acid rapeseed oil was studied in 46 margarine users. Rapeseed oil (replaced margarine in diet) substitution incr the proportion of eicosaenoic acid (0.4%) in plasma phospholipids. A slight decr in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and an incr in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 4.5%) led to a significantly higher HDL-C/total cholesterol ratio (1.9%-units). /Rapeseed oil/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 40 male and 6 female patients with adrenoleukodystrophy received Lorenzos oil (20% erucic acid and 80% oleic acid). In 19 of these patients the platelet count decr significantly. In 6 patients with thrombocytopenia, platelet counts became normal within 2 to 3 mo after erucic acid was omitted from the diet. Observations suggested that strategies for the dietary management of adrenoleukodystrophy requiring the admin of large amt of erucic acid may be associated with thrombocytopenia and that the erucic acid component of Lorenzos oil is the cause of the thrombocytopenia. Patients treated with erucic acid should be followed closely with determinations of the platelet count. /Lorenzos oil: 20% erucic acid and 80% oleic acid/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Erucic acid levels in human plasma and red cells and the effect on the distribution of other fatty acids are studied after ingestion of peanut and rapeseed oil. Erucic acid ... did not change the distribution of the other plasma fatty acids. In normally fed humans, the serum triglyceride incr involved all fatty acids except arachidonic and linoleic ...

CIR ingredient: Erucic Acid

Isolated from the fats and oils of mustard seed, rapeseed, and crambe seed; [Hawley] Used as lubricant additive and chemical intermediate; [HSDB]

Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]

LUBRICANT ADDITIVE; CHEM INT FOR EURCAMIDE, STEARYLEURCAMIDE & DIBASIC ACIDS; POLYETHYLENE FILM ADDITIVE; WATER RESISTANT NYLON ADDITIVE

Preparation of dibasic acids and other chemicals, polyethylene-film additive, water-resistant nylon.

Paints, lacquers and varnishes industry, polymer industry, textile processing industry ...

(1977) No Data

(1979) No Data

(1977) No Data

(1979) No Data

2023: 1,000,000 - <5,000,000 lb

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

(1979) No Data

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5016]

13-Docosenoic acid, (13Z)- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

EXTRACTED FROM RAPESEED, CRAMBE, AND MUSTARD SEED OILS

Prepn of a crude product by alkaline hydrolysis of rapeseed oil ... A purer product is obtained by the method of Doree and Pepper ... which involves a fractional precipitation and crystallization.

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing

13-Docosenoic acid, (13Z)-: ACTIVE