Tiopronin

DescriptionTiopronin is a sulfiydryl derivative of N-propylglycine useful in the treatment of cystine urolithiasis in children. It is also reportedly effective in the management of rheumatoid polyarthritis, possibly due to its inhibitory effect on the free oxygen radicals produced by inflammatory macrophages and granulocytes.

DescriptionTiopronin is an antioxidant that has diverse biological activities. It reduces free radical production by murine macrophages and granulocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Tiopronin induces expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and increases VEGF secretion in human colon carcinoma cells. Rectal administration (500 μL of a 10 mM solution) reduces myeloperoxidase activity and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the colon in a rat model of colitis. Tiopronin (80-320 mg/kg per day) reduces the incidence of cleft palate in fetuses born to female mice orally exposed to teratogenic methylmercury chloride. Tiopronin (100 mg/kg) reduces heme oxygenase 1 mRNA expression, lipid peroxidation, and transverse aortic constriction in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. Tiopronin (20 mg/kg) is hepatoprotective, increasing activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and reversing hepatocyte degeneration in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

UsesN-(2-Mercaptopropionyl)glycine or Tiopronin has been used:in the preparation of polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated gold microparticles (PEI-gold) for biolistic delivery of nucleic acidsto study the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the reperfusion stage in in vivo isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotectionas a ROS inhibitor to study its effect on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced inflammasome activation

UsesIt is used as antidote against heavy metal poisoning; hepatoprotectant; mucolytic.