Ethyl ketone

log Kow = 0.99

0.99

0.8159 at 66.2 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8098 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.81 (25 °C)

0.81

0.8159 @ 19°C

0.81

0.444 mPa s at 25 °C

0.6 mm²/s

5 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Solubility at 20 °C: 2.6 wt% water in 3-pentanone

Miscible with ethanol, ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water, 47,000 mg/L at 20 °C; 38,000 mg/L at 100 °C

In water, 4.589X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 3,9 (soluble)

55 °F (USCG, 1999)

13 °C

13 °C (open cup)

13 °C o.c.

55 °F (open cup)

(oc) 55 °F

Danger

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: 3-Pentanone

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

3-Pentanone is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 3-Pentanone are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 04-03-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/2213

3-Pentanone: HSNO Approval: HSR001125 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.

Liquid causes eye burn. Vapor irritates eyes, nose and throat; can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, weakness, and loss of consciousness. (USCG, 1999)

· Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC]; Can cause headache, dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness; [CAMEO]

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 3-pentanone stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless acetone-smelling liquid may occur from its use in organic syntheses. Effects from exposure may include contact burns to the skin and eyes, tachycardia, nausea, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, fainting, coma and death. Both the OSHA PEL and the ACGIH TLV have been set at a TWA of 200 ppm. In activities or situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing. If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. 3-Pentanone may be easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flame (Flash point: 13 °C, open cup). Its heavier than air vapor and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back, or result in a build-up of explosive concentrations in enclosed spaces such as sewers. Also, containers may explode in the heat of a fire. 3-Pentanone fires may produce poisonous gases. Therefore, if a tank car or truck is involved in the fire, isolate the area for 1/2 mile in all directions. 3-Pentanone fires may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, standard or alcohol foam, and water spray or fog (solid streams of water may spread the fire). Fight the fire from as far a distance as possible and dike the fire control water. 3-Pentanone should be stored away from sources of ignition and oxidizing materials. 3-Pentanone may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water. Small spills of 3-pentanone may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Before implementing land disposal of waste 3-pentanone, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

1156 127

1156 127

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/29/2006, Reporting date 11/28/2006.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 3-Pentanone is included on this list. Effective date 9/29/2006, Sunset date 11/28/2006.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diethyl ketone:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE FIGHTING FIRES WITH LOW FLASH POINT. ALCOHOL FOAM.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinquish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Diethyl ketone must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizing materials (such as peroxides, perchlorates, chlorates, permanganates, and nitrates) Since violent reactions may occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from sources of heat. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where diethyl ketone is handled, used or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of diethyl ketone should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of diethyl ketone. Wherever this diethyl ketone is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a comfined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration /SRP: with effective emission controls/

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal (mild steel) containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 27-28 days old 1540 mg/L/96 hr (confidence limit: 1470-1600 mg/L) at 24.2 °C (hardness 46.2 mg/L calcium carbonate, pH 7.88) /Purity 98%; Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae) = >500 mg/L/72 hours /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carassius auratus (goldfish) 1200 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Spirostomum ambiguum (Protozoa); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH > or =7.4, hardness 2.8 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 21.4 mmol/L for 24 hr; Effect: development, deformation

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-PENTANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg(5). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(6) and 38%(7) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 8.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(7) and 38%(8) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Affected fish (fathead minnow) /exposed to mean concentrations of 259-2300 mg/L/96 hr/ stopped schooling, came to water surface with pronounced operculation, then lost equilibrium prior to death.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Ketones, incl 3-pentanone, were tested for their ability to release alarm pheromones in ants. The most active cmpd were of a size & geometry similar to 4-methyl-3-heptanone.

Diethyl ketone is a volatile emitted from many plants including European birch, European larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, evergreen Cyprus and northern white cedar(1). Diethyl ketone was emitted from rape during the blooming period at a rate of 0.65 and 1.09 ppbv during May 8 and 9, 1998(2). Diethyl ketone is also found in kiwi(3,4) and nectarines(5).

Cough. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane, respiratory system; cough, sneezing

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the USEPA, diethyl ketone was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences; median concn in ppb): nonferrous metals (1;26.7), ore mining (3;2.1), organics and plastics (1;47.3), plastics and synthetics (1; 2491.1), pulp and paper (1; 27.5)(1). The highest effluent concn was 2491.1 ppb in the plastics and synthetics industry(1). Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in effluent from an advanced wastewater treatment plant in Lake Tahoe, CA(2). Diethyl ketone has been identified in automobile exhaust(3).

The Koc of diethyl ketone is estimated as 82(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

Diethyl ketone is a volatile emitted from many plants and fruits including European birch, European larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, evergreen cyprus and northern white cedar(1). Diethyl ketone is emitted from blooming rape(2) and is also found in kiwi(3,4) and nectarines(5).

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date 9/29/2006, Reporting date 11/28/2006.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 3-Pentanone is included on this list. Effective date 9/29/2006, Sunset date 11/28/2006.

Used as a paint solvent and in organic synthesis; [HSDB]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Medicine, organic synthesis.

... Solvent for paints and as a starting material for organic synthesis

2023: 1,000,000 - <8,500,000 lb

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5349]

3-Pentanone is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

By distilling sugar with an excess of lime.

When the hydroformylation reaction of ethylene takes place in an aq medium, diethyl ketone is obtained as the principal product ... .

3-Pentanone can be produced by catalytic ketonization of propionic acid over a thorium oxide or zirconium oxide catalyst at 350-380 °C.

Hydroformylation of ethylene in the presence of cobalt carbonyl complexes at 100 °C.

Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

3-Pentanone: ACTIVE

METHOD OF PURIFICATION: RECTIFICATION