Tributylamine

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas. Hygroscopic. Storage class (TRGS 510): Non-combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials.

Outside or detached storage is preferred. Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and sources of halogen. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Approach release from upwind. Sand, clay, earth, or other absorbent material may be used to contain liquid.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: filter respirator for ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent.

Synergistic interactions between 2,4-D (94757) & environmental chemicals on in-vitro 2,4-D cytotoxicity & the influence of lipophilicity of the cmpds were investigated. GM-05757 cells were incubated with 2,4-D (used as its dimethylammonium salt) in binary combinations with /12 chemicals including/ ... tributylamine (102829), ... for 1 hr. All cmpds were used at concns previously determined not to have induced any growth inhibition (NOECs), measured as the ratio of cells counted immediately after exposure ended to those counted 48 hr after exposure ended. The concns of 2,4-D & the other chemicals alone & in combination causing a 20% decr in cell growth (EC20) were determined. Associations between the EC20s of the combinations & their lipophilicity, as indicated by the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, were examined by logistic regression techniques. All cmpds enhanced the toxicity of 2,4-D, as evidenced by decreases in the EC20. Except in the case of nitriloacetic-acid, the decreases in the EC20 were similar, varying from 43.3 to 60.7% over that of 2,4-D alone. ... Except for tributylamine, the decreases in EC20 produced by the combined exposures were strongly correlated with their lipophilicity. The correlation coefficient was reduced if tributylamine was included in the analysis. ... All chemicals may exhibit synergistic toxic effects when combined at nontoxic doses with dissimilar cmpds. The strength of the correlation appears to be related to lipophilicity. This correlation may reflect the ability of lipophilic cmpds to damage the cell membrane which then facilitates & enhances uptake of hydrophilic agents.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, pH 7.9-8.0, dissolved oxygen 97-98% saturated; Concentration: 19000 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 8700-40000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />99% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, pH 7.9-8.0, dissolved oxygen 97-100% saturated; Concentration: 8000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 6100-10800 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />99% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1860(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tributylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of tributylamine is 10.89(3), indicating that this compound will exist entirely in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Tributylamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0934 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). A 2% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1860(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tributylamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 10.89(3) indicates tributylamine will exist entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Tributylamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCFs of <0.32-47, reported in carp(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. A 2% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tributylamine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0934 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tributylamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Tributylamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tributylamine is a pale yellow liquid. It is used as a solvent; inhibitor in hydraulic fluids; chemical intermediate. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. 8 female and 8 male volunteers were exposed to tributylamine in varying concentrations. An odor threshold of 0.07 +/- 0.03 ppm (approx. 0.54 mg/cu m) was identified in this study. ANIMAL STUDIES: 6 albino rabbits, tested on 2 sites (1 site abraded, 1 site intact skin), 4 hr exposure, observation after 4, 24, 72 hr, Draize method used for scoring, erythema/eschar formation and for edema formation. Some thickening of the skin after 24 hr, exfoliation of epidermis after 5 d, skin appeared normal after 10 d. Six albino rabbits were subjected to test irritation of the eye. They were exposed to tributylamine into their conjunctival sac. After the exposure all animals showed slight conjuctival congestion, which was reversible within 2 to 3 hours. Exposure of four male and four female rats to 120 ppm for nineteen 6 hr exposures caused nose irritation, restlessness, incoordination, and tremors, organs appeared normal at autopsy. When rats were treated orally with 0.45 or 4.5 mg/kg bw/day daily for 6 months, there were no effects with respect to general constitution, behavior or histology. Pregnant rats were orally treated by gavage on gestation days 6 -15 with doses of 15, 45 and 135 mg/kg/day. Three dams died prematurely on days 7 and 8. The other animals of this group showed transient reductions in food consumption and body weight gain. There were no embryo- or fetotoxic effects except a slight and dose-related increase in fetal body weight gain, which was significant at the highest dose. The treatment did not produce malformations. Tributylamine did not induce micronuclei in vivo in mice.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of July 7, 2016: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Various waste effluent streams generated during the commercial production of the n-butylamines (mono-, di-, and tri-) contain the n-butylamines(1). Wastewater and atmospheric vent effluents may also be generated at the industrial sites using tributylamine as a chemical intermediate(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tributylamine can be estimated to be 1860(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tributylamine is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of tributylamine is 10.89(3), indicating that this compound will exist entirely in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 8 female and 8 male volunteers were exposed to the test substance (> 99.5% pure) in varying concentrations. An odor threshold of 0.07 +/- 0.03 ppm (approx. 0.54 mg/cu m) was identified in this study (lowest value: 0.01 ppm)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

AEROBIC: Tributylamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 2% of its Theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). Only slight bio-oxidation of tributylamine was observed (15-day Theoretical BOD of approximately 5%) using the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) BOD dilution method with an activated sludge inoculum(2).