Cyanuric chloride

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；Note: Some foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.；SMALL FIRE: CO2 (except for Cyanides), dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

NO water. NO hydrous agents. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；Small Spill；· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.；· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. In case of skin contact with Hydrofluoric acid (UN1790), if calcium gluconate gel is available, rinse 5 minutes, then apply gel. Otherwise, continue rinsing until medical treatment is available. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.0076 [mg/m3]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog.

IN GENERAL, MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS...SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED... INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED FROM EACH OTHER.

Cyanuric chloride should be stored in strictly dry conditions. The solid should be stored in a cool place to avoid an increase in particle size. Tank farms for molten product must have a well-designed heat-tracing system that includes the vent and relief lines.

CYANURIC CHLORIDE WAS PARTIALLY (50%) HYDROLYZED TO CYANURIC ACID BY TREATMENT WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE AT 80 °C. THE SOLN OBTAINED WAS TREATED WITH SODIUM OXYCHLORIDE AT PH 9-10 & AT 50 & 70 °C. USING 5.5 MOL OF ACTIVE CL/MOL OF CYANURIC CHLORDE, 99% OF CYANURIC CHLORIDE WAS DECOMP ACCORDING TO THE EQUATION. THE REACTION TIME AT 50 & 70 °C WERE 40 & 15 MIN.

Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Environmental considerations - and spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

EC50 Daphnia magna (water flea, <24 hrs old) >1000 mg/L/24 hr; static, 18-19 °C, pH 8.2-8.3, hardness 201 mg/L CaCO3. /immobility/ /2-chlor-4,6-dihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine/

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy, length 20 + or - 10 cm) >1000 mg/L/96 hr; static, 25-30 °C, hardness 201 mg/L CaCO3. /Cyanuric acid/

LC50 Oryzias latipes (orange-red killfish) >1000 mg/L/48 hr; static or semi-static, 25 +/- 2 °C. /Cyanuric acid/

LC50 Anas domesticus (Peking ducklings) (3-5 days), 174-206 g) >1000 mg/kg/8 d diet.

LD50 /Coturnix japonica/ (Japanese quail, adult (60-70 days), mean weight 139-144 g) oral 192 mg/kg bw (95% CI: 102-313 mg/kg bw).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyanuric chloride will have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cyanuric chloride from moist soil surfaces(SRC) is not expected to be an important environmental fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC), based on an estimated vapor pressure of 0.023 mm Hg(SRC), derived from a structure estimation method(4). Complete anaerobic degradation of 250-500 uM of cyanuric chloride solutions incorporated into a methanogenic aquifer slurry was observed after a one year time period(5); however, cyanuric chloride hydrolyzes rapidly(6) and the degradation was likely due to hydrolytic dehalogenation rather than biodegradation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that cyanuric chloride is unlikely to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 2(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.73(6), and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). cyanuric chloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water(8). Approximately 40% degradation was observed in 1 hour at a temperature of 30 °C(8). Complete anaerobic degradation of 250-500 uM of cyanuric chloride solutions incorporated into a methanogenic aquifer slurry was observed after a one year time period(9); however, the degradation was likely due to abiotic (hydrolysis) rather than biotic (microbial) processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cyanuric chloride, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.023 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant estimation method(2), will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor phase cyanuric chloride is degraded slowly in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4,300 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.；Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.；Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.；Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Shock or collapse.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for cyanuric chloride is estimated as 120(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyanuric chloride possesses high mobility in soil(SRC).

Cyanuryl chloride (CAS# 108-77-0) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The test substance was administered orally to female Charles River albino rats. Dosage levels and mortality data are as follows: 10 (0/1); 30 (0/1); 100 (0/1); 300 (0/1); 1000 (1/1); 3000 (1/1); and 10,000 mg/kg of body weight (1/1). Clinical findings included a dose-related increased in hypoactivity, ruffled fur, labored breathing, muscular weakness, lacrimation, and prostration. Necropsy findings revealed severe chemical burns in the stomach lining, duodenum, and the lobe of the liver adjacent to the stomach. The animal dosed with 300 mg/kg revealed necrotic tissue in the stomach lining. The test substance was determined to be slightly to moderately toxic. The LD50 was determined to be greater than 300 mg/kg and less than 1000 mg/kg.

Cyanuryl chloride (CAS# 108-77-0) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity. The test substance was administered via inhalation to male and female albino rats of the Tif: RAIf (SPF) strain for 4-hours. Concentration levels and mortality data are as follows: 0.0 (0/10 M, 0/10 F); 5.0 (0/9 M, 0/9 F); 7.0 (0/9 M, 0/9 F); 18.4 (1/9 M, 0/9 F); 40.5 (6/9 M, 0/9 F); 108 (9/9 M, 6/9 F); and 495 mg/m3 (9/9 M, 9/9 F). Clinical signs included a dose-related increase in dyspnea, chromodacryorrhea, rhinorrhea, cyanosis, diarrhea, tremors and ruffled fur as well as lateral, ventral, and curved body position. A significant decrease in body weights was noted in both sexes at 40.5 mg/cu m, and depressed body weights and weight gains at 108 mg/cu m. Pathological findings revealed an area of discoloration of the lungs in all exposure groups. At 40.5 mg/cu m, enlarged or edematous lungs in 6/9 males was present, and similar findings were noted in 7/9 males and 6/9 females in the 495 mg/cu m group. Also noted was dilation of the stomach in 1 male in the 108 mg/cu m groups and 1 animal of each sex in the 495 mg/cu m group. The LC50 for males was 35 mg/cu m, and for females was 88 mg/cu m. The test substance was determined to be very toxic when administered to rats by the inhalation route.

Cyanuryl chloride (CAS# 108-77-0) was evaluated for subchronic oral toxicity. The test substance was administered by oral gavage to Charles River CD albino rats for 5-days. Dosage levels and mortality data are as follows: 0 (0/5 M, 0/5 F); 10 (0/5 M, 0/5 F); 20 (0/5 M, 0/5 F); 40 (0/5 M, 1/5 F); 80 (2/5 M, 4/5 F); 160 (4/5 M, 4/5 F); and 320 mg/kg/day (5/5 M, 5/5 F). Clinical signs at 20 mg/kg/day included rales, excessive salivation and/or gasping. At 40 mg/kg/day and above, toxicity consisted of rales, excessive salivation, labored breathing, gasping, cool to touch, decreased motor activity, brown material around mouth/nose, and moist areas of yellow material. At 20 mg/kg/day and above, a significant reduction in body weights and food consumption was noted for all rats. Pathological findings at 20 mg/kg/day and above, included lesions consisting of a dark discoloration, hemorrhages, erosions, and/or ulcerations in the glandular and nonglandular areas of the stomach.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In human volunteers, the 1-min threshold irritation effect of inhaled cyanuric chloride was found to be 0.3 mg/cu m.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...HAS SEVERE IRRITANT EFFECT ON EYES & RESP PASSAGES, BUT LESS EFFECT ON SKIN. SENSITIVITY & CHRONIC ECZEMA HAVE BEEN OBSERVED.

/CASE REPORTS/ Cyanuric chloride is a lachrymator and an irritant to the eyes and nose. Exposure of a laboratory assistant to a small amount of vapor resulted in rash on the neck and behind the ears with irritation.

/CASE REPORTS/ An, in general, healthy male (age 54) was exposed to cyanuric chloride during an inspection in a factory where herbicides were produced. Cyanuric chloride (one of the basic materials) was accidentally released, because a vessel got broken. The man was totally submerged under the powder. Signs of intoxication consisted of irritation of the skin, eyes and pharynx, followed by serious obstructive pulmonary syndrome with impairment of alveolar capillary exchanges. No effects on the heart function were seen (although a slightly abnormal ECG was reported from an pre-exposure investigation). The man recovered within 20 days.

/BIOMONITORING/ 39 workers with known history of long-term exposure to cyanuric chloride (between 1 and 22 years) were investigated. Investigations included anamnesis, physical examination (with special attention to lungs, skin and eyes), lung function (forced expiratory volume) and blood pressure measurements. Medical records of another 21 workers previously exposed to incidental high concentrations, who had changed jobs in the mean time, were checked. Determination of concentrations at the workplace. Samples (30-60 min) were taken during the filling procedure (worst case) and during normal production procedures (both room and personal monitoring). The samples were analyzed after adsorption tosilicagel, desorption with H2SO4, hydrolysis to cyanuric acid (70 min at 70 °C) and analysis of the cyanuric acid by HPLC with UV detection. No effects on any of the measured parameters were found. FEV was within normal ranges. Accidental acute exposure to high doses of cyanuric chloride was reported to lead to irritation/corrosion of the conjunctiva and skin irritation. After inhalation of the test substance coughing, breathing problems and shortness of breath were seen. These effects disappeared completely after a short time and did not result in persisting problems. Measured concentrations were 7.09 = or - 9.22 ug/cu m, 4.43 = or - 2.72 ug/cu m and 92.76 = or - 147.52 cu m, for filling, room and personal monitoring, respectively.

An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated in fish for cyanuric chloride(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Cyanuric chloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water(4), thus eliminating bioconcentration as an important environmental fate property.

The Henry's Law constant for cyanuric chloride is estimated as 4.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that cyanuric chloride is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces or moist soil surfaces(2). Moreover, cyanuric chloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water(3), thus eliminating volatilization as an important environmental fate property. Cyanuric chloride is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.023 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4).

Chemical: 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-trichloro-

1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-trichloro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-trichloro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 16-06-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14952；Status: Active Update: 24-10-2011 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1593；Status: Active Update: 08-03-2013 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/8300；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-09-2010 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/1372

Cyanuric chloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Cyanuric chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.