Heptanol

Log Kow = 2.62

2.62

2.62

Fragrant

FAINT, AROMATIC, FATTY

0.822 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8219 at 20 °C/4 °C

0.82 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.01

0.820-1.824

0.824 @ 20°C

Warning

H319 (94.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1619 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Warning

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

Chemical: 1-Heptanol

1-Heptanol is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Heptanol are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 13-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5921

1-Heptanol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Heptanol: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Combustible. Above 70 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations may cause CNS effects; [HSDB] Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [CHEMINFO] Defats the skin; May cause effects on the central nervous system; [ICSC] An irritant; May be absorbed through skin; [MSDSonline]

Heptyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

OPDYKE DL J; MONOGRAPHS ON FRAGRANCE RAW MATERIALS. ALCOHOL C-7; FOOD COSMET TOXICOL 13 (SUPPL): 697 (1975). NATURAL OCCURRENCE & PREPN, COSMETIC & PERFUME USE, LEGAL STATUS FOR USE IN FOOD, & METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY OF ALCOHOL C-7 ARE REVIEWED WITH 16 REFERENCES.

HEPTANOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical (USCG, 1999)

Use alcohol-resistant foam. Use dry powder. Use carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

AEROBIC: 1-Heptanol degrades fast in aerobic biodegradation screening tests(1-5). In a 5-day BOD test using acclimated mixed cultures, 56.3% of theoretical BOD was consumed(1). Other tests show 30% of theoretical BOD was expended in 5 days(2) and 28.9% of theoretical BOD was expended in 1 day using 500 ppm of 1-heptanol and an activated sludge inoculum(3). An aerobic biodegradation rate constant of 0.124 1/hr(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 0.23 days(SRC), was determined in an aerobic screening test at pH 7 and 25 °C using an activated sludge inocula. In a similar screening test, the rate constant was measured to be 2.53X10-2 1/hr(5), which corresponds to a biodegradation half-life of 1.14 days(SRC).

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cover the spilled material with absorbent. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cover the spilled material with inert absorbent. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Of the expired air from an urban population of 54 normal, healthy, nonsmoking subjects (387 samples), 39.5% were positive for 1-heptanol, containing a geometric mean concn of 3.9 ng/L(1). The one-sigma limits were 1.86 and 8.2 ng/L. Besides being carefully selected, subjects refrained from medication for 14 days prior to sampling and for 7 days prior to sampling avoided prolonged exposure to perfume, paint, glue, aerosols, dust, tobacco smoke, or areas polluted with industrial waste.

LC50 Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod) 169 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Alburnus alburnus (Bleak) 45 mg/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog, 3-4 wk after hatching) 44 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50 Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexican axolotl, 3-4 wk after hatching) 52 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-HEPTANOL (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 74(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1670 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-heptanol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-heptanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1-Heptanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.216 mm Hg(5). 1-Heptanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(6-10) and therefore should biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 74(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1670 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-heptanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.88X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.2 days and 20 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 21(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.62(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 1-Heptanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(8-12) and therefore should biodegrade in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-heptanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.216 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-heptanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.36X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

1-Heptanol is a food volatile found in meat and seafood such as raw beef(1), frankfurters(2) fried bacon(3), duck(4), raw and roasted earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(5), clams(6), and short-necked clams(6). It has been identified as a volatile of nectarines(7), chickpeas(8), Kogyoku apples(9), peanut oil(10), and champagne(11). 1-Heptanol has also been identified as an aroma component of Beaufort (Gruyere) cheese(12). Fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds were found to contain 275.7 ug/kg of 1-heptanol(13).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /In flow through acute toxicity testing using Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) exposed to concentrations of 0, 12.5, 19.3, 29.7, 45.7, and 70.3 mg/L 1-heptanol for 96 hr,/ affected fish lost schooling behavior and were hypoactive. Half of the affected fish were located at the surface and the other half on the bottom of the aquaria. They were underreactive to external stimuli, darkly colored, and they lost equilibrium prior to death.

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Drowsiness.

1-Heptanol was detected in concentrates of effluent from advanced treatment plants in Pomona, CA(1). Emissions of 1-heptanol, in percent of total carbon emission, were identified in roadway emissions (0.02), bus parking garage, hot soak (0.54), bus parking garage, cold start (0.12), motorcycle emissions (0.01), petroleum refinery emissions (0.05), lead smelter (0.36), and cast iron factory emissions (0.23) in Cairo, Egypt(2). 1-Heptanol was detected but not quantified in the emissions of waste exudate(3) and kitchen waste exudate(4).

Heptyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

... The epicardial surface of 12 isolated-perfused canine left atria was optically mapped before and after 1-50 microM heptanol infusion. At baseline, no sustained (>30 s) AF could be induced in any of the 12 tissues. However, after 2 microM heptanol infusion, sustained AF was induced in 9 of 12 tissues (P < 0.001). Heptanol >5 microM caused loss of 1:1 capture during rapid pacing, causing no AF to be induced. ... Heptanol at 2 microM had no effect on the cellular action potential duration restitution or on the maximal velocity rate over time of the upstroke. The effects of heptanol were reversible.

... The experiments investigated the effects of heptanol on isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Heptanol inhibited both pressure generation and electrical conduction. These effects were completely reversible ... Low concentrations of heptanol (less than 0.3 mM) caused small but significant increases in the delay between the stimulus (delivered to the basal septum) artifact and local activation of the left ventricle, as measured from bipolar electrogram (BEG) recordings. There was a steep increase in the latency between stimulus and left-ventricular activation at concentrations of heptanol above 0.3 mM ... Heptanol decreased repolarization duration, measured from the activation recovery interval (ARI) of BEGs, and monophasic action potential duration at 70% repolarization (MAPD70). Heptanol also reduced left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and the maximum rates of contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle; these effects were concentration dependent and reversible. Changes in ARIs, LVDP and the maximum rates of change of pressure lacked the steep response to 0.3 to 1.0 mM heptanol shown by the latency ... During premature stimulation protocols arrhythmias could be induced in hearts perfused with 0.1 to 0.3 mM heptanol but not at higher concentrations.

... Incubation of n-heptane with microsomal extracts resulted in formation of four isomeric n-heptanols. The relationship of the hydroxylating process to protein concentration and to the formation of the three main alcoholic products, namely 1-heptanol (111706), 2-heptanol (543497), and 3-heptanol (589822), were linear up to 1mg/4 minutes. Treatment of rats with phenobarbitol (50066) for 2 days enhanced hydroxylation and formation of 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol and 4-heptanol about 4 fold, but 1-heptanol was increased only 60 percent. In contrast, 3,4-benzpyrene depressed the formation of 1-heptanol to about 70 percent and increased the formation of 3-heptanol and 4-heptanol slightly. Carbon-monoxide inhibited formation of 1-heptanol. Similar results were obtained with metyrapone.

... Heptanol caused a significant growth inhibition of Xenopus tadpoles and the median lethal dose and mean teratogenic effect at 120 hours were 1.49 and 0.37 millimolar, respectively. The teratogenic index of 4.03 suggested that heptanol is a strong teratogen.

1-Heptanol is primarily oxidized in the rabbit to heptanoic acid, which either undergoes further oxidation to CO2 or forms an ester glucuronide. There is also a lesser metabolic pathway using direct conjugation with glucuronic acid to form an ether glucuronide conjugate.

Used as an organic intermediate, solvent, and additive in cosmetics, fragrances, and flavoring agents; [HSDB]

In the United States, practically the whole production is processed further to phthalates or adipates, used as plasticizers. ... The alcohol mixtures are used as solvents or solubilizers in the paint and printing ink sector, as components in textile auxiliaries and pesticides, for hormone extraction, and in the surfactant field as foam boosters or antifrothing agents. /C7 alcohol mixtures/

Food additive

Org intermediate, solvent, cosmetic formulations

/1-Heptanol/ has little commercial value except in fragrances and as an artificial flavoring agent.

2023: 250,000 - <550,000 lb

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

(1984) 1.28X10+11 g /ALCOHOLS C11 OR LOWER/

(1994) >1 million-10 million pounds

(1998) >10 thousand-500 thousand pounds

(2002) >500 thousand-1 million pounds

Prepared from heptaldehyde by reduction with iron filings in dilute acetic acid. ... Other methods include reaction between pentane and ethylene oxide in presence of anhydrous aluminum bromide: I.G. Farbenind., French patent 716,604 ... and action of amyl magnesium bromide on ethylene oxide.

By reduction of enanthic aldehyde, which is a distillation product of castor oil.

From 1-hexene by oxo synthesis.

1-Heptanol is made by the oxo process by reacting hexenes with carbon monoxide ...

C7 alcohol isomeric mixtures

C7-C9-C11 alcohol isomeric mixtures

C7-C8-C9 alcohol isomeric mixtures

Fragrance Ingredients

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

1-Heptanol: ACTIVE

Heptanol: ACTIVE

Reported found in a few essential oils: hyacinth, violet leaves, Litsea zeylanica.

Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as ... pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are ... in general a ... pure material is called "-anol" /eg, 1-heptanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, heptyl alcohol/ or "iso ... yl alcohol" /eg, isoheptyl alcohol/.

/Used in/ non-alcoholic beverages 4.14 ppm; ice cream, ices, etc 5.28 ppm; candy 4.38 ppm; baked goods 11.22 ppm.