Dabco

13 g/100 g acetone at 25 °C; 51 g/100 g benzene at 25 °C; 77 g/100 g ethanol at 25 °C; 26.1 g/100 g methyl ethyl ketone at 25 °C

Soluble in chloroform

45 g/100 g water at 25 °C

174 °C

174 °C @760 [mm Hg]

Liquid; Large Crystals

White crystals with an ammonia-like odour; Sublimes (goes directly from solid to vapour) readily at room temperature; Extremely hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air); [CHEMINFO]

1018；1023；1040

1520；1531；1535；1548；1548

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.7% (6 of 801) of reports.

Danger

H228 (82.6%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]；H302 (96.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]；H315 (97.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]；H318 (50.7%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H319 (44.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]；H335 (16.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]；H412 (14.5%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 801 reports by companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.；Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 6 of 801 reports by companies.；There are 41 notifications provided by 795 of 801 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).；Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Chemical: 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 07-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13591；Status: Active Update: 03-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24495

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

/GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)/

/GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Health: Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)/

/GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)/

/GUIDE 133: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS/ Protection Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Flammable solid, organic, NOS (1,4-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane)/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,4-DIAZABICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Flam. Sol. 1 (82.6%)；Acute Tox. 4 (96.5%)；Skin Irrit. 2 (97.3%)；Eye Dam. 1 (50.7%)；Eye Irrit. 2 (44.2%)；STOT SE 3 (16.4%)；Aquatic Chronic 3 (14.5%)

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4；Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2；Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2；Reproductive toxicity - Category 2；Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (central nervous system)；Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (upper respiratory tract)

... In paint manufacture, preliminary small-scale (12 g) tests in which ethyl acetate soln of cellulose nitrate and the other components were mixed in a lagged boiling tube showed large exotherms (which boiled the solvent off) with 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane ... Subsequent test in which small portions of ... undiluted /1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2.)octane/ and dried cellulose nitrate linters were contacted (with a little added butyl acetate for the solid phenol) under various condition ... ignition /occurred/ ...

Activated carbon showed an auto-ignition temp in flowing air of 452 to 518 °C. Presence of 5% of ... triethylenediamine adsorbed on the carbon reduced the autoignition temp (AIT) to 230 to 260 °C. At high air flow rates an exotherm was seen at 230 to 260 °C but ignition did not then occur until 500 °C.

A sample of the 1:1 complex /of 1.4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane and hydrogen peroxide/exploded while being dried overnight in a desiccator.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

14 [mg/m3]

23 [mg/m3]

140 [mg/m3]

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 450 g/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that triethylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(2), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally have lower mobility in soils than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of triethylenediamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process, since this compound is expected to primarily exist in the cation form in the environment(SRC). Triethylenediamine is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg(5). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 13th ed, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 1723 (2001) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Doucette WJ; pp. 141-188 in Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals. Boethling RS, Mackay D, eds. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ (2000) (5) Yaws CL; Handbook of Vapor Pressure. Volume 2 - C5 to C7 Compounds. Gulf Publishing Co.: Houston, TX, p. 190 (1994) (6) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3.4(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 450 g/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that triethylenediamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(2), which indicate triethylenediamine will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), a BCF values of <1.3 and <13(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 13th ed, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 1723 (2001) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (5) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), triethylenediamine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase triethylenediamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Triethylenediamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The Koc of triethylenediamine is estimated as 3.4(SRC), using a water solubility of 450 g/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that triethylenediamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa1 and pKa2 values of triethylenediamine are 3.0 and 8.7(1), respectively, indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally have lower mobility in soils than their neutral counterparts(4).

AEROBIC: Triethylenediamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(1).[(1) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo

BCF values of <1.3 and <13 were measured using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).[(1) NITE; Chemical Risk Information Platform (CHRIP). Biodegradation and Bioconcentration. Ver 2006.01.30 Updated. National Institute of Technology and Evaluation. Tokyo, Japan. Thiodiethylene glycolbicyclo

Volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur since triethylenediamine will exist primarily in the cation form in the environment(SRC), based on its pKa1 and pKa2 values of 3.0 and 8.7, respectively(1). Triethylenediamine is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.742 mm Hg(2).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The acute toxicologic and pharmacologic effects of two foam catalyst amines have been determined. This work has been undertaken with the view of elucidating the possible ocular hazard which may exist after excessive inhalation of vapor in industry. By several routes of administration, tetramethylbutanediamine (TMBDA) appears to be more toxic and irritating than triethylenediamine (TED). Exposure to concentrated vapor of each amine has indicated that TMBDA will produce marked pupillary dilation and loss of accommodation after inhalation periods as short as 15 minutes, whereas a 5-hour vapor inhalation of TED is without such effects. The two amines possess marked physiological properties at intravenous doses considerably lower than those considered fatal by any route of administration. In pentobarbitalized dogs and cats, TMBDA has been shown to exhibit a selective blockade of autonomic ganglia without an accompanying effect on more peripheral sites. Ganglion blockade after TMBDA was somewhat shorter than that observed with clinically useful blocking agents. Attempts have been made to correlate these animal findings with human experiences resulting in ocular disturbances after exposure to TMBDA vapor. The pharmacologic properties of TED have been described. This agent produced in appropriate doses an initial transient depressor effect followed by a sharp and more prolonged pressor response in anesthetized animals. Depressor activity was selectively eliminated by atropine. Pressor activity was abolished by hexamethonium or tolazoline, and diminished by adrenalectomy. A partial depletion of catechol amines by reserpine caused an apparent exaggeration of pressor activity of TED. Enhancement of activity was also observed in dogs treated with dichloroisoproterenol. Adrenalectomy of dogs partially depleted of catechol amines by reserpine or a more prolonged reserpine-pretreatment stage abolished pressor response entirely while apparent

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ When tested on mice the vapor /SRP: aerosol/ appears to have had no effect on the pupils or accommodation.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of triethylenediamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported to be 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Triethylenediamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Triethylenediamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(3).

Occupational exposure to triethylenediamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where triethylenediamine is produced or used(SRC). Triethylenediamine concentrations in air in a polyurethane factory ranged from 0.017 to 0.110 ppm(1).

Chemical: 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 07-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13591；Status: Active Update: 03-05-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/24495

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Used as curing agent for urethane foams; used as a singlet oxygen trap and a radioiodine trap; [HSDB]

Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]

Catalyst in making urethane foams

The only important industrial use of triethylenediamine is as a hardener for polyurethane foams.

Anti-fade reagent that scavenges free-radicals produced by excitation of fluorochromes. Added to the mounting medium in fluorescence microscopy to retard photobleaching of fluorescein and other fluorescent dyes.[Sigma-Aldrich; D2522 Sigma 1,4-Diazabicyclo

Singlet oxygen trap used as diagnostic for singlet oxygen; trap for radioiodine

2023: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb；2022: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb；2021: 1,000,000 - <2,500,000 lb；2020: 850,000 - <1,000,000 lb

This chemical is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#5434]

KRAUSE ET AL, BRITISH PATENT 871,754 (1958 TO HOUDRY PROCESS).

Triethylenediamine can be produced from ethylenediamine or ethanolamine, diethanolamine, or diethylenetriamine with a variety of different catalysts.

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing；Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities；Utilities；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing；Construction

1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: ACTIVE

Triethylenediamine is used to impregnate the activated carbon found in respiratory protection against chemical weapon agents.

Certain low-molecular chemical weapon agents such as hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride are poorly absorbed by active carbon. In order to improve protection against these substances, the carbon is impregnated with metallic salts of copper, chromium and sometimes silver. Further impregnation with organic substances also occurs, the most common additive being triethylenediamine.