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Carbazole → 9-(2-thienyl)-9H-carbazole

HRID 590002
Notes
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Reaction equation

HRID 590002 reaction equation
[CH:1]1[C:13]2[NH:12][C:11]3[C:6](=[CH:7][CH:8]=[CH:9][CH:10]=3)[C:5]=2[CH:4]=[CH:3][CH:2]=1.C[Mg]Cl.Cl[C:18]1[S:19][CH:20]=[CH:21][CH:22]=1.[Cl-].[NH4+]>CC1(P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C2C=CC=CC=2)(C2C=CC=CC=2)C1.O.C1COCC1>[CH:10]1[C:11]2[N:12]([C:18]3[S:19][CH:20]=[CH:21][CH:22]=3)[C:13]3[C:5](=[CH:4][CH:3]=[CH:2][CH:1]=3)[C:6]=2[CH:7]=[CH:8][CH:9]=1
ParticipantsConditionsProcedureWorkupSources & evidenceReaction notes

Participants

8

Reactant 4

HCID 6854CarbazoleHCID 72992-ChlorothiopheneHCID 25517Ammonium ChlorideHCID 178418332HCID 178418332, compound

Product 1

HCID 181793049-(2-thienyl)-9H-carbazoleYield 97.9%

Reagents, catalysts & solvents 3

HCID 21909131
Di-tert-butyl(1-methyl-2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)phosphane
Catalyst
HCID 962WaterSolvent
HCID 8028TetrahydrofuranSolvent2×

Conditions

Temperature
5 °C

Procedure

[PdCl(π-allyl)]2 (23.1 mg, 0.1 mol %) and cBRIDP (89.0 mg, 0.4 mol %) were placed into a 50 mL, two-necked, round bottomed flask equipped a gas inlet, and the flask was evacuated and filled with nitrogen. Subsequently, to the mixture was added dehydrated THF (8.2 mL, 101.0 mmol, 1.6 equivalents) to prepare a catalyst solution. A 200 mL, four-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a Teflon® coated magnetic stirring bar, condenser, dropping funnel, thermometer, and a gas inlet was evacuated and filled with nitrogen. Carbazole (10.9 g, 65.0 mmol, 1.03 equivalents) and dehydrated xylenes (66 mL) were charged into the flask, and the mixture was cooled to 5° C. using an ice bath. Subsequently, to the mixture was added a THF solution of MeMgCl (3.22 mol/L, 20.0 mL, 64.4 mmol, 1.02 equivalents) dropwise via the dropping funnel at such a rate that the temperature of the reaction solution was kept at 20° C. or lower, and then the dropping funnel was washed with dehydrated xylenes (11 mL). Subsequently, to the solution were added 2-chlorothiophene (5.8 mL, 63.1 mmol, 1.0 equivalent) and the catalyst solution (8.2 mL) successively, and the solution was stirred for 2 hours under reflux. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, to the mixture were added water (25 mL) and ammonium chloride (1.7 g). The aqueous layer was separated off, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to give oily residue, which was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: n-hexane/toluene=2/1) to afford 15.4 g of 2-(N-carbazolyl)thiophene as a pale yellow solid.

Workup

  1. customtwo-necked, round bottomed flask equipped a gas inlet
  2. customthe flask was evacuated
  3. additionfilled with nitrogen
  4. customto prepare a catalyst solution
  5. customthermometer, and a gas inlet was evacuated
  6. additionfilled with nitrogen
  7. customwas kept at 20° C.
  8. washlower, and then the dropping funnel was washed with dehydrated xylenes (11 mL)
  9. temperatureunder reflux
  10. temperatureAfter cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature
  11. customThe aqueous layer was separated off
  12. concentrationthe organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure
  13. customto give oily residue, which
  14. customwas purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: n-hexane/toluene=2/1)

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-40c90da0531344d2bd13c9f3583c29fc
Source dataset
uspto-grants-2016_01
DOI
10.6084/m9.figshare.5104873.v1
Patent number
US09233922B2

Reaction notes

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On this pageParticipantsConditionsProcedureWorkupSources & evidenceReaction notes