1,2-Dibromoethene

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Atmospheric Fate: 1,2-Dibromoethylene does not absorb sunlight at the wavelengths available in the troposphere, so direct photolysis is not expected.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 8,910 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dibromoethylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dibromoethylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 31 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8,910 mg/l(2). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dibromoethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 31 mm Hg(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 29(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 8,910 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dibromoethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 31 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8,910 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.3 and 140 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), determined from a water solubility(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dibromoethylene, which has a vapor pressure of 31 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dibromoethylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules(SRC). The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be to be 2.8 days for the cis-isomer and 2.5 days for the trans-isomer of 1,2-dibromoethylene(SRC), calculated from their rate constants of 3.8X10-12 and 4.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), respectively, determined using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone molecules is estimated to be 670 days for the cis-isomer and 330 days for the trans-isomer of 1,2-dibromoethylene(SRC), calculated from their rate constants of 1.7X10-20 and 3.4X10-20 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), respectively, determined using a structure estimation method(3).

The Koc of 1,2-dibromoethylene is estimated as 29(SRC), using a water solubility of 8,910 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dibromoethylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

/CNS DEPRESSANT/ ... IN HIGH CONCN.

1,2-Dibromoethylene is a lachrymator.

An estimated BCF of 4 was calculated for 1,2-dibromoethylene(SRC), using a water solubility(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dibromoethylene is estimated as 8.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 31 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 8,910 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dibromoethylene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 140 hours(SRC). 1,2-Dibromoethylene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dibromoethylene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 31 mm Hg(1).

... In the troposphere, /1,2-dibromoethylene/ should react with hydroxyl radicals and ozone fairly rapidly. Thus, the rate of atmospheric decomposition will depend upon the concentrations of hydroxyl radicals and ozone.

The rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dibromoethylene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals have been estimated as 3.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec for the cis-isomer and 4.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec for the trans-isomer at 25 °C(SRC), using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to atmospheric half-lives of about 2.8 and 2.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1) for the cis- and trans-isomers, respectively. 1,2-Dibromoethylene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

Since 1,2-dibromoethylene is only used as a research chemical, occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromoethylene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at chemical research facilities where 1,2-dibromoethylene is produced or used. (SRC)

1,2-Dibromoethylene's production and use as a research chemical may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 31 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,2-dibromoethylene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dibromoethylene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone molecules. The half-life for the reaction in air with hydroxyl radicals is estimated to be 2.8 and 2.5 days for the the cis- and trans-isomers, respectively. The half-life for the reaction in air with ozone molecules is estimated to be 670 and 330 days for the the cis- and trans-isomers, respectively. If released to soil, 1,2-dibromoethylene is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 29. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. 1,2-Dibromoethylene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 1,2-dibromoethylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.3 and 140 hours, respectively. An estimated BCF of 4 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Since 1,2-dibromoethylene is only used as a research chemical, occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromoethylene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at chemical research facilities where 1,2-dibromoethylene is produced or used. (SRC)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/