ジチオりん酸O,O-ジエチルS-[(4-オキソ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアジン-3(4H)-イル)メチル]

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, n.o.s.) Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Move containers from fire area if you can do so without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand, or other positive pressure mode /should be used in firefighting/. /Parathion/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Store in original container, preferably in locked storage, away from children, food, or feed.

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation, or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /parathion/

Spills of parathion on floors ... absorbed with an absorbing clay. Sweeping compound ... facilitate the removal of all visible traces of parathion contaminated clay. /Parathion/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Peer-review: This highly toxic material is rapidly hydrolyzed by cold alkali. Use 5 parts by volume 4% wt/vol sodium hydroxide soln to 1 volume of pesticide. Hydrolysis is improved by making the sodium hydroxide soln in 50% ethanol. Use much water to wash reaction mixture down to sewer. Large amt - incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of seconds. Also, a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C, and a residence time of seconds. Also, a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C, and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. /Parathion/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for parathion: Reverse osmosis. /Parathion/

A portion of even the most flammable materials is likely to be lost by vaporization. ... The smoke from an open fire used to destroy pesticides will contain some of the poison. Burning should be attempted only in an isolated place. Inhalation of smoke must be avoided. /Pesticides/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

... Keep away from heat and open flame.

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... Aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AZINPHOS ETHYL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.075 [mg/m3]

0.83 [mg/m3]

5.0 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Rubber gloves, gas mask or respirator, rubber boots, thick long-sleeved shirt/jacket, long pants.

NEOPRENE COATED GLOVES; RUBBER WORKSHOES OR OVERSHOES; LATEX RUBBER APRON; GOGGLES; RESPIRATOR OR MASK APPROVED FOR TOXIC DUSTS & ORGANIC VAPORS. /PARATHION/

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated, or prolonged skin contact with parathion. /Parathion/

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AZINPHOS ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide (400 mg/kg) 1 hr prior to challenge potentiates the toxicity of ethyl guthion.

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. Although barbiturates may be used cautiously in treating convulsions, extreme care is essential in handling poisonings due to anticholinesterases, particularly organophosphorus pesticides. Echothiophate, a cholinesterase inhibitor used as miotic, potentiates other such inhibitors... used for other purposes (additive effects) or possibly synergistic. Those exposed to organophosphate insecticides must take strict precautions. ...Organophosphorus insecticides: additive anticholinesterase effects. Hazardous. Patients on anticholinesterases (even topical, such as eye drops) should avoid areas where organophosphorus insecticides... recently... used. /Anticholinesterase/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for AZINPHOS ETHYL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) 1st instar larvae; Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C, pH 7.1, hardness 44 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 4 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 3-5.3 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /88% purity technical material/

EC50; Species: Simocephalus (Water Flea), first instar; Conditions: Static bioassay without aeration, 15 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 4.2 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence limit 2.9-6.1 ug/L); Effect: immobilization /Technical, 88%/

EC50; Species: Daphnia pulex (Water Flea), first instar; Conditions: Static bioassay without aeration, 15 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 3.2 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence limit 1.8-5.8 ug/L); Effect: immobilization /Technical, 88%/

LC50; Species: Pteronarcys(Stonefly), second year class; Conditions: Static bioassay without aeration, 15 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 1.5 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence limit 0.8-2.7 ug/l) /Technical, 88%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AZINPHOS ETHYL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that azinphos ethyl is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of azinphos ethyl from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.4X10-6 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 10.5 mg/L(4). Azinphos ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Degradation of organophosphorothioate pesticides by photooxidation under ultraviolet or sunlight radiation at the soil surface may result in the formation of sulfoxides and trialkyl phosphorothioates(5). The methyl analogue, azinphos methyl, biodegraded in laboratory tests and in soil(6,7) which suggests that azinphos ethyl would also be degraded in the environment(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that azinphos ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.4X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 10.5 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 80(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.40(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Hydrolysis half-life for azinphos ethyl was measured as 173 days at pH 6.1 and 22 °C(9). Photodegradation in aqueous environmental conditions is expected to be the most important process based on studies showing the half-life of azinphos ethyl in river water (pH 7.3) and in seawater (pH 8.1) was 9 and 11 days, respectively, when exposed to light; at 22 °C in the dark half-lives were 65 and 58 days, respectively(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), azinphos ethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 2.4X10-6 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase azinphos ethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.9X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase azinphos ethyl may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Azinphos ethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Azinphos ethyl residues were not found on 13,960 food samples analyzed by state agencies in 6 states in 1988(1). Azinphos ethyl residue was detected on 6 of 13,085 (0.045%) samples of food analyzed by state agencies in 10 states in 1989(1). A small sample of the food analyzed was imported from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean(1) and since azinphos ethyl is not sold in the US, it is presumed that the residues were found on the imported food. Azinphos ethyl was detected in 20 pasta samples collected in Rome, Italy in 1990 at an average concentration of 0.9 ug/kg (range not detected to 4.5 ug/kg)(2). Azinphos ethyl was not detected (detection limit 0.05 mg/kg) in 10 ready-to-eat packed table olive samples or 30 commercially packed olive oil samples analyzed from 1991-1992 in Greece(3). Azinphos ethyl was detected 2 of 2223 fruit and vegetable samples at 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (positive detections were in cucumber and green bean), samples were collected from Brazilian Sao Paulo General Storage and Wholesale over the period of Jan 1994 to Dec 2001(4). Azinphos ethyl was not detected (detection limit 5 ug/kg) in 298 raw milk samples obtained directly from tank trucks during delivery at nine Italian dairy plants, sampling took place Oct 2004, Jan and May 2005(5).

Azinphos ethyl was not detected (detection limit 5 ug/kg) in 298 raw milk samples obtained directly from tank trucks during delivery at nine Italian dairy plants; sampling took place Oct 2004, Jan and May 2005(1).

Many of /the organophosphorus insecticides/ are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The assessment of exposure to the organophosphate pesticides, bromophos and dicrotophos can be accomplished through measurement of these compounds in the blood. However, since organophosphate pesticides are rapidly cleared from the blood, it is difficult to be able to detect the pesticides in blood unless very large quantities have been absorbed. This test may be useful for identification of the compound in cases of severe exposure, although documented tests for measurement of specific organophosphate pesticides in blood are very limited. Whole Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - none detected; Exposed - not established; Toxic -not established. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: Normal - not established; Exposed - not established; Toxic - not established. /Organophosphate pesticides/

Pulmonary Function Tests: The tests that have been found to be practical for population monitoring include: Spirometry and expiratory flow-volume curves; Determination of lung volumes; Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; Single-breath nitrogen washout; Inhalation challenge tests; Serial measurements of peak expiratory flow; Exercise testing. /Organophosphate pesticides/

For more Medical Surveillance (Complete) data for AZINPHOS ETHYL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of azinphos ethyl can be estimated to be 170(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that azinphos ethyl is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Using a lysimeter to measure the leachability of various pesticides, azinphos ethyl was not detected in leachate from 3,000 individual analyses conducted from 1977-1986 (detection limit 0.001 mg/L)(3). These tests were conducted using 1-1.3 m in height by 0.5 sq m of top soil with a catch base of 1 sq m(3). For soil material, loamy or silty sand with a low humus content was used where the sum of clay and silt amounted to a maximum of 30% (clay below 10%) and the content of organic bound carbon did not exceed 1.5%(3).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Azinphos-ethyl is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 100 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Used as a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide to protect fruits, vegetables, cotton, tobacco, ornamentals, other crops, and forestry; [HSDB]

No longer used or produced in the US or Canada (high toxicicity); [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For azinphos-ethyl (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: (058002) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Insecticide; acaricide

Control of chewing and sucking insects and spider mites on fruit trees (including citrus), vines, hops, nuts, vegetables, potatoes, beet, oilseed rape, maize, cereals, tobacco, cotton, coffee, rice, ornamentals, forestry, and other crops.

(1972) LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 G

(1975) LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 G

Due to its high toxicity, it is no longer produced or used in the United States or Canada.

Azinphos-ethyl can be made by reaction of N-chloromethylbenzazimide with O,O-diethyldithiophosphoric acid in the presence of a base.

Benzazimide + formaldehyde + O,O-diethyl dithiophosphoric acid (chloromethylation/dehydrochlorination)

... Obtained by reacting N-halogenomethyl-benzazimides, which may be substituted in the benzene nucleus with the salts of dialkyldithio-phosphoric acids. The reaction is preferably carried out in an inert diluent.

Dust, emulsifiable concentrate, ULV, wettable powder.

Mixtures: (azinphos-ethyl +) azinphos-methyl; dicofol; dimethoate.

Trade name: Azinugec E

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies azinphos-ethyl (technical grade) as Class IB: highly hazardous; Main Use: insecticide.

Azinphos-ethyl was introduced in 1953 by Bayer AG as a nonsystemic insecticide and acaricide.

US Patent 2,758,115; West German Patent 927,270.

USA: Not marketed.

Non-phytotoxic when used as directed. Russetting is possible on some fruit varieties with the emulsifiable concentrate formulation.