アデニン

Adenine

HCID 190CAS 73-24-5

基本情報

標準SMILES
Nc1ncnc2nc[nH]c12
InChIKey
GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分子式
C5H5N5
平均分子量
135.13 g/mol
単同位体質量
135.05449516

概要

Adenine is the parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is a member of 6-aminopurines and a purine nucleobase. It derives from a hydride of a 9H-purine.

名称と識別子

優先名称
Adenine
IUPAC
7H-purin-6-amine
現地名
アデニン
英語名
Adenine
分子式
C5H5N5
分子量
135.13

名称と別名

adenine73-24-56-Aminopurine1H-Purin-6-amine7H-Purin-6-amineAdeninimineAdeninLeuco-46-Amino-1H-purine6-Amino-7H-purine6-Amino-9H-purine6-Amino-3H-purine
名称をさらに表示
アデニンロイコ-49H-プリン-6-アミン6(1H)-イミノ-9H-プリン6-アミノプリンビタミンB49H-アデニンペダチセクチンB7H-プリン-6-アミン6(1H)-イミノ-7H-プリン3H-プリン-6-アミン1H-プリン-6(9H)-イミン1H-アデニン1H-プリン-6-アミン6-アミノ-9H-プリンロイコン6-アミノ-1H-プリンアデニニミン6-アミノ-7H-プリン3H-アデニン9H-Purin-6-amineAdeVitamin B4ANEPurin-6-amine
1,6-Dihydro-6-iminopurine3,6-Dihydro-6-iminopurineDTXSID6022557NSC-14666CHEBI:16708JAC85A2161DTXCID502557NSC14666

データベース識別子

CAS
73-24-5
PubChem CID
190
DTXSID
DTXSID6022557
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1797130、CHEMBL226345、CHEMBL539503
ChEBI
CHEBI:16708
UNII
JAC85A2161
EC Number
200-796-1
Nikkaji
J5.257D

物性

構造計算による物性

XLogP
-0.1
極性表面積
80.5 Ų
水素結合供与体数
2
水素結合受容体数
4
回転可能結合数
0
重原子数
10

実験および物理化学的性質

DrugsPharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
SpringerMaterials Properties15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
LogP-0.09
Solubility · 2 件

1.03 mg/mL

>20.3 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

Melting Point360 °C
Physical DescriptionSolid

物理化学的性質

融点
360 °C · >360 °C (lit.)
沸点
238.81 °C · 238.81°C (rough estimate)
比重(密度)
1.3795 · 1.3795 (rough estimate)
屈折率
1.7 · 1.7000 (estimate)
闪点
220 °C · 220°C
貯蔵温度
2 · 2-8°C
化学的性質 · 1 件

化学的特性Adenine is a prominent member of the family of naturally occurring purines. Adenine occurs not only in ribonucleic acids (RNA), and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), but in nucleosides, such as adenosine, and nucleotides, such as adenylic acid, which may be linked with enzymatic functions quite apart from nucleic acids. Adenine, in the form of its ribonucleotide, is produced in mammals and fowls endogenously from smaller molecules and no nutritional essentiality is ascribed to it. In the nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids, the attachment or the sugar moiety is at position 9.The purines and pyrimidines absorb ultraviolet light readily, with absorption peaks at characteristic frequencies. This has aided in their identification and quantitative determination.

安全と法規制

GHS分類

GHS Classification · 4 件

Danger

H301 (96.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P264, P270, P301+P316, P321, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 349 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

危険有害性情報

Regulatory Information · 3 件

Chemical: 1H-Purin-6-amine

Status: Active Update: 17-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/25078

Adenine: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

Other Safety InformationIMAP assessments - 1H-Purin-6-amine: Environment tier I assessment
Hazard Classes and CategoriesAcute Tox. 3 (96.8%)

毒性情報

Toxicity Summary · 1 件

Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions. In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4Not Available

Carcinogen ClassificationNo indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

安全データ

F
8-10-23
wgk
3
tsca
TSCA listed
rtecs
AU6125000
ridadr
UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
毒性
LD50 orally in rats: 745 mg/kg (Philips)

化学と産業

薬理情報

Pharmacodynamics · 1 件

Adenine (sometimes known as vitamin B4) combines with the sugar ribose to form adenosine, which in turn can be bonded with from one to three phosphoric acid units, yielding AMP, ADP and ATP . These adenine derivatives perform important functions in cellular metabolism. Adenine is one of four nitrogenous bases utilized in the synthesis of nucleic acids. A modified form of adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is an imporant secondary messenger in the propagation of many hormonal stimuli. Adenine is an integral part of the structure of many coenzymes. Adenosine (adenine with a ribose group) causes transient heart block in the AV node of the heart. In individuals suspected of suffering from a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), adenosine is used to help identify the rhythm. Certain SVTs can be successfully terminated with adenosine.

Mechanism of Action · 1 件

Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which drives many cellular metabolic processes by transferring chemical energy between reactions.

Tissue LocationsAll Tissues
Cellular LocationsCytoplasm
Metabolite PathwaysAdenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (APRT)

用途と製造

UsesFor nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance
General Manufacturing Information9H-Purin-6-amine: ACTIVE
応用分野 · 7 件

解説6-aminopurine.C5H5N5(135.13).核酸の一成分で,核酸を加水分解すると得られる.チオ尿素とマロノニトリルから4,5,6-トリアミノ-2-チオピリミジンとし,これからプリン環を形成して段階的に合成するか,シアン化水素とアンモニアから直接合成する.三水和物C5H5N5·3H2Oは針状結晶.110 ℃ で無水物となる.220 ℃ で昇華,360~365 ℃ で分解する.熱水に可溶,エーテル,クロロホルムに難溶,酸,アルカリに可溶.水溶液は中性を示す.λmax 263 nm(ε 13.0×103,pH 2水溶液).亜硝酸と反応してヒポキサンチンとなる.冷水には溶けにくいが、酸や塩基にはよく溶ける。エーテルやクロロホルムには溶けない。塩酸中で180~200℃に加熱すると分解する。亜硝酸を作用させるとヒポキサンチンになる。酸化すると尿素を生成する。酸および塩基と塩をつくる。ATP,ADPの構成成分として生体代謝での役割が大きく,補酵素のNAD,PADなどの成分でもある。しかし遊離アデニンとしての存在はむしろまれである。波長 260nmを中心とする特有の紫外線吸収を示し,これは ATPその他の誘導体でもほとんど不変で,定量に利用される。森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)

用途アデニン (adenine) は核酸を構成する5種類の主な塩基のうちのひとつで、生体内に広く分布する有機化合物である。 プリン骨格は糖ともアミノ酸とも異なる独特の形状をしているにもかかわらず、アデニン、グアニンの他、コーヒーや茶に含まれるカフェイン、ココアに含まれるテオブロミン、緑茶に含まれるテオフィリンなどを構成し、また最近ではプリン体をカットしたビールなども販売されるほどありふれた有機物である。アデニンはシアン化水素とアンモニアを混合して加熱するだけで合成されるため、原始の地球でもありふれた有機物であったと考えられる。

説明adenine is one of the purine nitrogenous bases that composes DNA and RNA; composed of two carbon–nitrogen rings. Adenine bonds with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA (see base pairing rule); it is also a major component of other molecules such as adenosine triphosphate.

来歴Adenine is one of the two purines found in DNA and RNA. The other is guanine. Adenine and guanine are called bases in reference to DNA and RNA. A nucleic acid base attached to ribose forms a ribonucleoside. Adenine combined with ribose produces the nucleoside adenosine.

使用Adenine is used as an active component of boron-deficient media to grow yeast in order to assess whether yeast growth is stimulated by boron. It is useful as a local antiseptic and vitamin B4. Further, it is used in the microbial determination of niacin. It is also employed as a food supplement for adult rats to investigate the effects of dietary adenine overload. In addition to this, it is used in the production of nucleotides of the nucleic acids.

一般的な説明Adenine is a purine nucleobase. It is part of DNA, and RNA. Adenine is also a component of cofactors (NAD, FAD) and signaling molecules (cAMP). It is a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA. It is also a constituent of certain coenzymes and when combined with the sugar ribose it forms the nucleoside adenosine found in AMP, ADP, and ATP. Adenine has a purine ring structure. It is one of the major component bases ofnucleotides and the nucleic acidsDNA and RNA.

使用用途アデニンは、遺伝子に含まれるDNAやRNAなどの核酸を構成する物質です。そのため、放射線曝射ないし薬物による白血球減少症に対する医薬品として、認可されています。悪性腫瘍の放射線療法及び化学療法時に起こる白血球減少症の治療に対して用いられます。 アデニンは、半導体基板製造時の洗浄後の腐食防止効果を示すことなどが研究で知られており、現在産業分野への活用も模索されているところです。魚類の性識別などの活用方法も報告されています。

調製方法

純化方法Crystallise adenine from distilled water. [Beilstein 26 III/IV 3561.]

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補足説明 · 2 件

定義本品は、次の化学式で表される複素環式化合物である。

定義ChEBI: Adenine is the parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purine nucleobase and a member of 6-aminopurines. It derives from a hydride of a 9H-purine.

関連反応

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