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Yttrium

HCID 23993
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基本情報概要名称と識別子物性安全と法規制化学と産業関連反応化合物ノート
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基本情報

CAS
13598-57-7
標準SMILES
[Y]
InChIKey
VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分子式
Y
平均分子量
88.9058 g/mol
単同位体質量
88.9058483

概要

Soft silvery-white metal in bulk. Dark-gray to black odorless powder. Mp: 1509 °C; bp 2927 °C. Density: 4.47 g cm-3 at 20 °C. May irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled as a powder. May irritate the digestive tract if swallowed. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

名称と識別子

優先名称
Yttrium
IUPAC
yttrium
英語名
Yttrium
分子式
Y
分子量
0

名称と別名

YTTRIUM7440-65-5Yttrium, elementalYttrium elementYttrium metalDTXSID0049816CHEBI:3333158784XQC3YYttrium MetallicumYttrium and compoundsRefChem:56232DTXCID4029775
名称をさらに表示
231-174-8YYttrium-89yttrium atomYTTRIUM IONytrioyttrium(2+)Yttrium foil

データベース識別子

CAS
13598-57-7、7440-65-5
PubChem CID
23993
DTXSID
DTXSID0049816
ChEMBL
CHEMBL4650626
ChEBI
CHEBI:49978
UNII
58784XQC3Y
EC Number
231-174-8
Nikkaji
J277.949H、J298.944A、J54.464G

物性

構造計算による物性補完中

極性表面積
0 Ų
水素結合供与体数
0
水素結合受容体数
0
回転可能結合数
0
重原子数
1
形式電荷
0
複雑度
0

実験および物理化学的性質

Chemical ClassesMetals -> Rare Earth Metals
SpringerMaterials Propertieselectron density of states
OdorOdorless
Density · 5 件

4.47 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

4.47 g/cu cm

4.47

4.47 @25 °C

4.47

Color/Form · 2 件

Iron-gray, lustrous powder; darkens on exposure to light

Hexagonal, silvery-metallic colored element...gray-black when finely divided. Brittle...harder than zinc.

Solubility · 4 件

Soluble in hot H2O (NIOSH, 2024)

Decomposes in water

Soluble in dilute acids and potassium hydroxide solution

Soluble in hot H2O

Boiling Point · 5 件

5301 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024)

3345 °C

5301 °F

3345 °C @760 [mm Hg]

5301 °F

Melting Point · 6 件

2732 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

1522 °C

1526 °C

2732 °F

1522 °C

2732 °F

Vapor Pressure · 4 件

安全と法規制

安全情報は参考情報です。供給元の安全データシート（SDS）、適用法令、専門家による評価に代わるものではありません。

GHS分類

GHS Classification · 6 件

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 56.8% (180 of 317) of all reports.

Danger

H228 (31.2%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P222, P231, P233, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P335+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P378, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 317 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

危険有害性情報

Regulatory Information · 2 件

Status: Active Update: 12-12-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22904

Yttrium, powder: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

DOT LabelFlammable Solid
Fire HazardsExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Health HazardsExcerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:
Hazards Summary · 1 件

TLV Basis: pulmonary fibrosis in rats after single intratracheal administration of a very large dose; In animal studies, it is moderately toxic by the intraperitoneal route; A dose of 50 mg/kg caused hepatic necrosis. Workers producing yttrium europium vanadate phosphor and inhaling an average of 1.4 mg/m3 complained of irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract; This effect was attributed to vanadium. [ACGIH] See the radionuclide, Yttrium-90. See RARE EARTH METALS and linked occupational diseases.

Reactive GroupMetals, Elemental and Powder, Active

化学と産業

用途と製造

Uses · 3 件

Used in the nuclear industry and in the production of incandescent gas mantles, alloys of iron and other metals, high-temperature metal coatings, television screen phosphors, and YAG lasers; [ACGIH]

Metal Preparation and Pouring [Category: Foundry]

Yttrium is used ... in iron and other alloys, in incandescent gas mantles, as a deoxidizer for metals, in coatings of high temperature metals, in television screen phosphors, and in yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers.

Methods of ManufacturingReduction of the fluoride with calcium.
Formulations/PreparationsGrade: Regular high purity (ingots, lumps, turnings), metallurgical, low-oxygen, crystal sponge, powder.
General Manufacturing Information · 3 件

Yttrium: ACTIVE

Yttrium compounds and metal were imported from several sources in 2004; Yttrium compounds and metals were imported from China (85.4%), the Netherlands (7.74%), Japan (3.72%), Austria (1.41%), Belgium (1.08%), Hong Kong (0.42%), and the Republic of Korea (0.19%).

In general yttrium is found together with the lanthanides and occurs in minerals such as monazite, bastnasite, xenotime, yttrialite, gadonilite, yttriocrasite, and in complex minerals such as samarskite and euxenite. Monazite sand contains 3% Y and bastnasite about 0.2%. Xenotime (from Malaysia) contains about 60% Y. The most important sources of monazite sand are in Florida, Australia, India, Malaysia, and Brazil. The abundance of yttrium in the earth's crust is about 0.0028%.

関連反応

20 件
反応記録を作成
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HRID 704548 の反応式
HRID 704548生成物としてuspto-grants-1991_01
HRID 849433 の反応式
HRID 849433反応物としてuspto-grants-2000_01
HRID 981888 の反応式
HRID 981888生成物としてuspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 982461 の反応式
HRID 982461反応物としてuspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 982462 の反応式
HRID 982462反応物としてuspto-grants-1991_02
HRID 986375 の反応式
HRID 986375反応物としてuspto-grants-1987_12
HRID 1074127 の反応式
HRID 1074127反応物としてuspto-grants-1990_11
1 / 3 ページ

化合物ノート

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0 mmHg (approx) (NIOSH, 2024)

6.66X10-11 Pa at 1000 K; 2.96x10-7 Pa at 1200 K; 1.17x10-4 Pa at 1400 K; 1.02x10-2 Pa at 1600 K; 0.316 Pa at 1800 K; 4.27 Pa at 2000 K; 35.9 Pa at 2200 K

0 mmHg (approx)

0 mmHg (approx)

Physical Description · 5 件

Soft silvery-white metal in bulk. Dark-gray to black odorless powder. Mp: 1509 °C; bp 2927 °C. Density: 4.47 g cm-3 at 20 °C. May irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled as a powder. May irritate the digestive tract if swallowed. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.

Dark-gray to black, odorless solid; [CAMEO] Some compounds, e.g., nitrates, are soluble in water; [ACGIH]

Solid

Dark-gray to black, odorless powder. Soft silvery-white metal in bulk.

Dark-gray to black, odorless solid.

Other Experimental Properties · 5 件

Natural yttrium contains but one isotope, yttrium-89. Forty-three other unstable isotopes and isomers have been characterized.

Oxidizes on heating in air or oxygen; decomposes on cold water slowly, in boiling water rapidly.

Known only in the tripositive state

Heat of fusion = 11.43 kJ/mol; Heat of sublimation = 424.7 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 0.0 kJ/mol (crystal); entropy at 298.15 K, 44.4 J/mol-K (crystal); Heat capacity, 26.5 J/mol-K (crystal); Standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, 421.3 kJ/mol (gas phase); Gibbs free energy of formation, 381.1 kJ/mol (gas phase); entropy at 298.15 K, 179.5 J/mol-K (gas phase); Heat capacity 25.9 J/mol-K (gas phase).

Reactivity Alerts
Strong Reducing Agent
Reactivity Profile · 1 件

YTTRIUM in bulk is stable in air due to the formation of oxide films. Powder or dust is light-sensitive and air-sensitive and flammable in the air and (Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, p. 861 (1987)). Reacts with water to form gaseous hydrogen (H2). Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, and halogens. The products of these reactions are irritating and toxic.

Flammable LimitsNoncombustible Solid in bulk form.
Air and Water ReactionsAir sensitive. Light sensitive. Moisture sensitive.
NIOSH RecommendationsRecommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m
Hazard Classes and Categories · 2 件

Flam. Sol. 2 (31.2%)

Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 2 (lung)

安全と保護具

Fire FightingExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
First Aid · 2 件

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:

(General first aid procedures)

Nonfire Spill ResponseExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Isolation and EvacuationExcerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]:
Respirator RecommendationsNIOSH/OSHA
Threshold Limit Values (TLV) · 2 件

1.0 [mg/m3], as Y

1 mg/m³ [1986]

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) · 3 件

1.0 [mg/m3], as Y

1 mg/m³

TWA 1 mg/m3 [*Note: The PEL also applies to other yttrium compounds (as Y).]

Protective Action Criteria (PAC) · 3 件

3.0 [mg/m3]

83 [mg/m3]

500 [mg/m3]

Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) · 2 件

1 mg/m³

TWA 1 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL also applies to other yttrium compounds (as Y).]

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) · 6 件

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Yttrium:

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: (APF = 5) Any quarter-mask respirator.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100. (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for YTTRIUM, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) · 5 件

500 mg Y/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

500.0 [mg/m3]

500 mg/cu m

500 mg/m³

500 mg/m3 (as Y)

毒性情報

Target OrgansEyes, respiratory system, liver
Adverse EffectsOccupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Exposure Routesinhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Signs and Symptomsirritation eyes; In Animals: pulmonary irritation; eye injury; possible liver damage
Antidote and Emergency Treatment · 2 件

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /"To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

安全データ

注意喚起語
警告
危険有害性情報
コード 危険有害性情報 危険有害性クラス 区分 注意喚起語 シンボル P コード H228