硝酸銀

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

Use water in large amounts. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:

General First Aid:

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.01 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction, as Ag[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

If material on fire or involved in a fire: Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far away as possible.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: If dissolved, apply sodium sulfide soln to precipitate heavy metals. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Precipitation is the preferred treatment process for removing toxic heavy metals from electroplating waters. Precipitation processes include hydroxide, lime and/or sulfide treatment. Chemical reduction is used to treat complex metals such as nickel, copper, hexavalent chromium waste, soluble lead, silver, metal containing cyanide, and mercury. Adsorption has shown potential for treating and polishing aqueous metal bearing wastes. Activated carbon, activated alumina, and iron filings are all applicable adsorbents. Alkaline chlorination and incineration are effective cyanide destruction treatments. Evaporation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and electrolytic recovery are waste reduction and recovery techniques applicable to metal bearing hazardous streams.

The organs of two burn patients who had been treated with fresh dressings of silver nitrate continuously for at least 6 days or every 8 hr for 30 days were analyzed. In the 66 yr old man, who had died of a brain tumor about 50 days after the 8 hr treatment was initiated, the silver concentrations in the tissues were slightly above normal: bone, 0.025 mg/kg; heart, 0.040 mg/kg; kidney, 0.140 mg/kg; and skin, 2,800 mg/kg. The second patient was an 18 yr old male, who died of respiratory complications on his 7th hospital day. Before death, the silver concentration in his urine was 0.038 mg/l and in his blood, 0.12 mg/l. There was no silver detected in his lung or brain; but the concentrations in other tissues were: heart, 0.032 mg/kg; kidney, 0.14 mg/kg; spleen, 0.23 mg/kg; liver, 0.44 mg/kg; muscle, 2.0 mg/kg; and skin, 1,250.0 mg/kg.

Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613)

SELENITE (1 UMOL/KG) INHIBITED BILIARY EXCRETION OF AG+. SILVER NITRATE DID NOT INFLUENCE SELENIUM EXCRETION. PRETREATMENT WITH SELENITE CAUSED RETENTION /OF SILVER/ IN BLOOD, KIDNEY, & BRAIN. EFFECTS ATTRIBUTED TO FORMATION OF THE ALMOST INSOL COMPLEX AG2SE.

... Topical treatment /of oral tissues/ with PGF2-alpha ... decreased or inhibited the caustic response of subsequent exposure to silver nitrate ... indicating that PGF2-alpha has some cytoprotective action on the human oral mucosa. Submucosal injection of PGF2-alpha induced a mild vasodilation. ... An inflammatory response occurred after injection of PGF2-alpha and smearing of the tissue with caustics, but this disappeared in 15-30 minutes.

Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. While silver itself is not toxic, most silver salts are, and may damage the liver, kidney, and central nervous system, as well as be carcinogenic. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L808, L809, L810)

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 3.4 ug/l/24 hr in water hardness of 274 mg/l CaCO3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 9.5 ug/l/48 hr in water hardness of 47 mg/l CaCO3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 43 ug/l/48 hr in water hardness of 70 mg/l CaCO3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Ephemerella grandis (mayfly) <4 ug/l/7 days in water hardness of 31 mg/l CaCO3. LC50 Ephemerella grandis (mayfly) 8.8 ug/l/15 days in water hardness of 30 mg/l CaCO3. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (L808) ; inhalation (L808) ; dermal (L808)

Metallic silver is oxidized and may deposit in the tissues, causing arygria. The silver ion is known to inhibit glutathione peroxidase and NA+,K+-ATPase activity, disrupting selenium-catalyzed sulfhydryl oxidation-reduction reactions and intracellular ion concentrations, respectively. Silver nanoparticles are believed to disrupt the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing oxidative stress, reduced ATP synthesis, and DNA damage. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L808, A243, A244, A245, A246)

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Headache. Fatigue. Weakness.

Redness. Pain. Serious skin burns. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns. Loss of vision.

Burns in mouth and throat. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

Exposure to high levels of silver for a long period of time may result in a condition called arygria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other body tissues. Argyria is a permanent effect but does not appear to be harmful to health. Exposure to high levels of silver in the air has resulted in breathing problems, lung and throat irritation, and stomach pains. Skin contact with silver can cause mild allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, and inflammation in some people. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, L808)

GENERALIZED ARGYRIA ... IS ... RECOGNIZED BY WIDESPREAD PIGMENTATION OF SKIN, AS SEEN IN ... DARK, UNIFORM, SLATE-GREY COLOR OF FACE, FOREARMS & FINGERNAILS OF WORKER IN MFR OF SILVER NITRATE. PIGMENTATION APPEARS EARLY ON FACE, GRADUALLY SPREADING TO EARS & NECK ... & HANDS; IN A LESS SEVERE DEGREE IT APPEARS ON UNCOVERED AREAS OF THE BODY, IN MOST SEVERE CASES THE SKIN BECOMING ALMOST BLACK WITH A METALLIC LUSTRE.

ARGYROSIS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT ... HAS ... BEEN DESCRIBED ... IN TWO MEN EMPLOYED IN MFR OF SILVER NITRATE. ... SYMPTOM WAS MILD CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; THERE WAS NO DISCOLORATION OF SKIN, EYES OR MOUTH BUT NASAL MUCOSA SHOWED BILATERAL SYMMETRICAL IMPREGNATION OF WALLS OF MIDDLE & UPPER REGION.

... CORNEAL OPACIFICATION & BLEEDING CONJUNCTIVA WITHIN AN HR /REPORTED/ AFTER APPLICATION OF 2 DROPS FROM AN /SRP: ACCIDENTAL USE OF/ SILVER NITRATE STICK INTO THE EYES OF A NEWBORN. OPACIFICATION MAY BE SO SEVERE AS TO CAUSE BLINDNESS.

/IN PATIENT WITH SEVERE ARGYROSIS RESULTING FROM INDUST EXPOSURE TO SILVER NITRATE/ BRONCHIAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE ... SHOWED DEPOSITS IN BASAL MEMBRANE, & THERE WAS SOME SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA, BUT MUCH LESS EVIDENCE OF PHAGOCYTOSIS THAN IN NASAL MUCOSA.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (49 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

D011; A solid waste containing silver may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Silver and Cmpds is found on List D. Case No: 4082; Pesticide type: fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 06/93; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): silver nitrate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Silver nitrate is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Silver and compounds/

The ambient water quality criterion for silver is recommended to be identical to the existing water standard which is 50 ug/l. /Silver and cmpd/

(AZ) ARIZONA 50 ug/l /Silver/

(ME) MAINE 35 ug/l /Silver/

(MN) MINNESOTA 30 ug/l /Silver/

(WI) WISCONSIN 50 ug/l /Silver/

Used as a chemical intermediate, catalyst, disinfectant, and laboratory reagent; Used in photography and in the manufacturing of mirrors, inks, and pharmaceuticals; Used to cauterize wounds, dye hair, and color porcelain; [HSDB]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Glassblowing [Category: Hobbies]

For Silver nitrate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 072503) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products.

In photography; manufacture of mirrors; other silver salts; silver plating; in sympathetic and indelible inks; dyeing hair; coloring porcelain; etching ivory; as a very important and extensively used reagent in analytical chemistry.

2023: 4,000,000 - <5,500,000 lb

(1978) 4.82X10+9 G

(1981) 3.48X10+9 G

SILVER NITRATE OPHTHALMIC SOLN USP IS SOLN OF SILVER NITRATE IN WATER MEDIUM. IT CONTAINS 0.95-1.05% OF AGNO3. SOLN MAY BE BUFFERED BY ADDITION OF SODIUM ACETATE.

Silver nitrate of commerce is, with exception of 0.1-0.2% water, practically 100% pure.

Grade: technical, CP, USP

SMALL WOODEN STICKS, DIPPED IN TOUGHENED SILVER NITRATE, SUFFICIENT FOR 1 APPLICATION ... SILVER NITRATE APPLICATORS ... OF 3- OR 6-INCH WOODEN STICKS ON WHICH IS FUSED MIXTURE OF 75% SILVER NITRATE & 25% POTASSIUM NITRATE ARE SOMETIMES USED.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Nitric acid silver(1+) salt (1:1): ACTIVE

IN WEIGHING & PACKING-ROOM, CRYSTALLINE SILVER NITRATE IS DONE UP INTO PACKETS BY METHODS WHICH ARE ENTIRELY ENCLOSED.

Not photosensitive when pure; presence of trace amounts of organic material promotes photoreduction. Reduced by hydrogen sulfide in the dark.

Phenylmercuric borate 0.005% was a suitable preservative for silver nitrate eye-drops sterilized by filtration.