| 生態毒性抜粋 | /AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... the cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of Cr(VI) in human (Homo sapiens) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) skin fibroblasts /were compared/. ...Data show that increasing concentrations of both particulate /lead chromate/ and soluble /sodium chromate/ Cr(VI) induce increasing amounts of cytotoxicity and clastogenicity in human and sperm whale skin cells. Furthermore, the data show that sperm whale cells are resistant to these effects exhibiting less cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the human cells. Differences in Cr uptake accounted for some but not all of the differences in particulate and soluble Cr(VI) genotoxicity, although it did explain the differences in particulate Cr(VI) cytotoxicity. Altogether, the data indicate that Cr(VI) is a genotoxic threat to whales, but also suggest that whales have evolved cellular mechanisms to protect them against the genotoxicity of environmental agents such as Cr(VI)./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Toxic effects were studied in rainbow trout exposed to sodium chromate solution. When survival was used as the criterion, chromium was more toxic at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.8 at all life stages studied. For trout in the embryo through juvenile exposure study, the lowest concentrations increasing mortality were 0.2 mg/L at pH 6.5 and 2.0 mg/L at pH 7.8./AQUATIC SPECIES/ The survival of Rhithropanopeus harrisii larvae from hatching to first crab stage occurred in sodium chromate concentrations from 1.1 to 29.1 ppm. The estimated median lethal concentration (LC50) for complete zoeal development was 17.8 ppm sodium chromate and 13.7 ppm for development to first crab stage. A concentration of 1.1 ppm sodium chromate was nontoxic, whereas concentrations of 7.2 and 14.5 ppm were sublethal, with 29.1-58.1 ppm being acutely toxic./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Sea turtles are a charismatic and ancient ocean species and can serve as key indicators for ocean ecosystems, including coral reefs and sea grass beds as well as coastal beaches. Genotoxicity studies in the species are absent, limiting our understanding of the impact of environmental toxicants on sea turtles. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a ubiquitous environmental problem worldwide, and recent studies show it is a global marine pollutant of concern. Thus, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soluble and particulate Cr(VI) in hawksbill sea turtle cells. Particulate Cr(VI) was both cytotoxic and genotoxic to sea turtle cells. Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 ug/sq cm lead chromate induced 108, 79, 54, and 7% relative survival, respectively. Additionally, concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5ug/sq cm lead chromate induced damage in 4, 10, 15, 26, and 36% of cells and caused 4, 11, 17, 30, and 56 chromosome aberrations in 100 metaphases, respectively. For soluble Cr, concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 uM sodium chromate induced 84, 69, 46, 25, and 3% relative survival, respectively. Sodium chromate induced 3, 9, 9, 14, 21, and 29% of metaphases with damage, and caused 3, 10, 10, 16, 26, and 39 damaged chromosomes in 100 metaphases at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5uM sodium chromate, respectively. These data suggest that Cr(VI) may be a concern for hawksbill sea turtles and sea turtles in general.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM CHROMATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
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