4-ホスホノ-3-アザブタン酸

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), oxides of phosphorus.

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air. If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.

/To fight fire use/ powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Safe Storage of Pesticides. Always store pesticides in their original containers, complete with labels that list ingredients, directions for use, and first aid steps in case of accidental poisoning. Never store pesticides in cabinets with or near food, animal feed, or medical supplies. Do not store pesticides in places where flooding is possible or in places where they might spill or leak into wells, drains, ground water, or surface water.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air. If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.

Sweep spilled substance into plastic containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label.

After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash.

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal.

Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores.

Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Worker Protection Standard (WPS) Requirements. Any product whose labeling permits use in the production of an agricultural plant on any farm, forest, nursery or greenhouse must comply with the labeling requirements of: PR Notice 93-7, "Labeling Revisions Required by the Worker Protection Standard (WPS)," andPR Notice 93-11, "Supplemental Guidance for PR Notice 93-7." Unless specifically directed in the RED, all statements required by these two PR Notices must appear on product labeling exactly as instructed in the Notices. Labels /for glyphosate/ were required to/ be revised by April 21, 1994, for products distributed or sold by the primary registrant or supplementally registered distributors, and by October 23, 1995, for products distributed or sold by anyone.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/This study/ investigated whether glyphosate influences the cellular toxicity of the surfactants TN-20 and LN-10 on the mouse fibroblast-like cells, alveolar epithelial cells, and a heart cell line. The cytotoxicity of TN-20 and LN-10 (0.4-100 uM), in the presence or absence of glyphosate was determined by assessing membrane integrity. TN-20 toxicity was significantly lower in the presence of 50 uM glyphosate for the fibroblast-like cell (6.25 uM; 3.9% +/- 3.4% vs -4.8%+/-0.7%), for the alveolar cells (0.78 uM; 5.7% +/- 0.9% vs 0.1% +/- 0.6%), and for the heart cell line (25.0 uM; 7.9% +/-3.0% vs 19.4% +/- 0.7%) compared to that of TN-20 alone. The cellular toxicity of LN-10 towards the fibroblast-like cells was found to be increased in the presence of 50 uM glyphosate when LN-10 concentrations of 50 uM (31.3% +/- 3.9% vs 19.2% +/-0.9%) and 100 uM (62.1% +/- 3.4% vs 39.0% +/- 0.7%) were compared to that of LN-10 alone. These results suggest that the mixture toxicity may be a factor in glyphosate-surfactant toxicity in patients with acute glyphosate herbicide intoxication.

Glyphosate, a common herbicide, is not toxic under normal exposure circumstances. However, this chemical, when combined with a surfactant, is cytotoxic. In this study, the mechanism of the additive effect of glyphosate and TN-20, a common surfactant in glyphosate herbicides, was investigated. After exposure of rat H9c2 cells to glyphosate and TN-20 mixtures, following assays were performed: flow cytometry to determine the proportion of cells that underwent apoptosis and necrosis; western blotting to determine expression of mitochondrial proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax); immunological methods to evaluate translocation of cytochrome C; luminometric measurements to determine activity of caspases 3/7 and 9; and tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester assay to measure mitochondrial membrane potentials. Bcl-1 intensity decreased while Bax intensity increased with exposure to increasing TN-20 and/or glyphosate concentrations. Caspase activity increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased only when the cells were exposed to a mixture of both TN-20 and glyphosate, but not after exposure to either one of these compounds. The results support the possibility that mixtures of glyphosate and TN-20 aggravate mitochondrial damage and induce apoptosis and necrosis. Throughout this process, TN-20 seems to disrupt the integrity of the cellular barrier to glyphosate uptake, promoting glyphosate-mediated toxicity.

Body Weight, Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system), Hepatic (Liver), Ocular (Eyes), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Developmental

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout) weight 0.8 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 12 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L Concentration: 130 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 108-156 mg/L) /Technical material, 96.7%/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) weight 0.6 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 20 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 97 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 79-120 mg/L) /Technical material, 96.7%/

LC50; Species: Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) weight 2.2 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 130 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 108-156 mg/L) /Technical material, 96.7%/

LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) weight 0.9 g; Conditions: static bioassay without aeration, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/L as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/L; Concentration: 135 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval 113-162 mg/L) /Technical material, 96.7%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE (50 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2,600 to 4,900(2), indicate that glyphosate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of glyphosate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because it exists in zwitterionic form in the environment and ionic compounds do not volatilize(3). Glyphosate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on a vapor pressure of 9.8X10-8 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation half-lives in soil of 1.85 to 7 days under aerobic conditions(5), indicate that biodegrdation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The median dissipation half-time (DT50) of glyphosate applied at 7.95 to 10.7 lbs ai/A to 8 bare ground fields in different locations of the US was 13.9 days. The shortest DT50 was observed in Texas (2.6 days), and the longest values from the field studies were in the coldest climates, Minnesota, New York and Iowa, at 28.7, 127.8 and 140.6 days respectively. These data indicate that glyphosate residues in the field are somewhat more persistent in cooler climates as opposed to milder ones(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: After glyphosate is applied to forests, fields, and other land by spraying, its mobility in soil is limited and is affected by pH and phosphate levels, as well as by soil type(3). In addition to binding to organic matter and clay in soil, it may also form insoluble complexes with metal ions in the soil. Distribution data for glyphosate after spraying in a coastal forest ecosystem indicate that glyphosate is strongly adsorbed to the upper layers of soil and has a low propensity for leaching(2). Glyphosate residues dissipated with a half-life of 45-60 days. After 360 days, residues levels were 6-18% of initial levels(2). Field studies on eleven different soils covering a full range of soil types and geographical areas indicates an avg half-life of 60 days for glyphosate in soil(4). Other sources also report an avg half-life of 60 days from literature surveys(1,5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The half-life of glyphosate applied to forest foliage was 14.4 days(1) and that applied to two Finnish agricultural fields were 69 and 127 days, respectively(2). Persistence studies with glyphosate in sandy test sites in a boreal forest in Ontario, Canada indicate that the half-life of glyphosate was 24 days and residues were reduced to <10% of that applied after 78 days(3). More than 95% of residues were found in the upper organic layer of soil. In aerially treated forest brush fields in the Oregon coast range, the half-life of glyphosate ranged from 10.4-26.6 days in foliage and litter. The half-life of glyphosate on exposed soil and litter-covered soil was 40.2 and 29.2 days, respectively(4).

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Glyphosate enters plants through its foliage and moves throughout the plant and into the root system(1,2). Therefore all parts of the plant treated with glyphosate may contain the herbicide(1). Glyphosate is applied to crops before emergence as otherwise crop destruction would result(1,2). Uptake through the root system is precluded by soil inactivation(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Glyphosate is an odorless white solid. Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide registered for use on many food and non-food field crops as well as non-crop areas where total vegetation control is desired. When applied at lower rates, glyphosate is also a plant growth regulator. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Glyphosate is an active ingredient of the most widely used herbicide and it is believed to be less toxic than other pesticides. However, several studies showed its potential adverse health effects to humans as it may be an endocrine disruptor. Concentrated solutions of glyphosate can also cause dermal irritation. Most intoxicated cases are from ingestion, inhalation, and skin exposure. Pulmonary edema, shock, and arrhythmia were the reported causes of mortality. Ingestion of glyphosate-surfactant herbicides can result in acute kidney injury, electrolyte abnormalities, acidosis, cardiovascular collapse, and death. In severe toxicity, the use of hemodialysis is reported, but largely unsupported by kinetic analysis. Commercial formulations were more cytotoxic than the active component alone, supporting the concept that additives in commercial formulations play a role in the toxicity attributed to glyphosate-based herbicides. Glyphosate was found nongenotoxic in human lymphocytes with or without metabolic activation. However it induced micronuclei formation and DNA damage in a buccal epithelial cell line (TR146). In addition, glyphosate was toxic to human placental JEG3 cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Glyphosate did not produce dermal sensitization in guinea pigs. It produced moderate to severe eye irritation in rabbits. In a 13-week study with glyphosate administration, lesions of the salivary glands were found in rats and mice. A study in a 2-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model and proteomic analysis suggested that glyphosate has tumor promoting potential in skin carcinogenesis. Studies in rats and rabbits indicated that technical glyphosate is not teratogenic. In the first /multigenerational/ study, the only effect noted was an increased incidence of unilateral renal tubular dilation in F3b male pups at 30 mg/kg body weight. Maternal exposure to glyphosate disturbed the masculinization process in the offsping and promoted behavioral changes and histological and endocrine problems in reproductive parameters. These changes associated with the hypersecretion of androgens increased gonadal activity and sperm production. The entire body of the developmental toxicity data reviewed fails to support a potential risk for increased cardiovascular defects as a result of glyphosate exposure during pregnancy. A broad array of in vitro and in vivo assays has consistently demonstrated that glyphosate and glyphosate-containing herbicide formulations are not genotoxic. Occasionally, however, related and contradictory data are reported, including findings of mouse liver and kidney DNA adducts and damage following intraperitoneal (ip) injection. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Gene expression data (mRNA levels) suggests that glyphosate-based herbicides have the potential to alter hormonal pathways during tadpole development. Roundup exposure had negative impact on the immune system of European sea bass. Roundup at environmentally relevant concentrations has lethal and genotoxic impact on the Indian skittering frog. Roundup also altered normal histology of the studied organs and caused a significant decrease in the number of copulations and mating success in male fish exposed to the herbicide in the neotropical native fish, Jenynsia multidentata.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Male marsupials (Sminthopsis macroura) showed significant body weight loss after exposure to feed contaminated with concentrations of up to 5000 mg a.i/kg feed. No other treatment-related effects were found in the male marsupials.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ No subchronic toxicity or effects on reproduction were noted when glyphosate technical was fed to Bobwhite quail for 22 weeks at dose levels up to 1000 ppm. Several deaths occurred during the course of the study, but these did not follow a dose related trend and were not considered related to treatment. There were no treatment-related effects on behavior, body weight or food consumption of adult birds. The numbers of eggs laid, eggs cracked, viable embryos, live 3-week embryos, normal hatchlings, and 14-day survivors, as well as egg shell thickness hatchling body weight and 14-day hatchling body weight were unaffected by treatment with glyphosate. A statistically significant reduction in egg weight occurred at 1000 ppm. However, no effect was noted in the reproductive success of adults, chick body weight gain or survivability at this dose level. Therefore, the reduced egg weight was not considered toxicologically significant.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Five zebra finches, Poephila guttata (Gould), allowed unrestricted access to seed containing 5,000 ug glyphosate/g all died in 3 to 7 days, but they may well have died from starvation since their food consumption was drastically reduced. Six finches survived after ingesting seed containing 2,500 ug glyphosate/g for 5 days. The marsupial Sminthopsis macroura (Gould), and two species of hopping-mouse, Notomys alexis Thomas and Notomys mitchelli (Ogilby) (N = 5 controls and 5 treated, for each species) survived on a diet in which the concentration of glyphosate was increased from 625 ug/g to 5,000 ug/g by doubling the concentration of glyphosate in the food every few days during a 23-day period. The only toxic effect observed in the mammals was a marked body weight loss in the treated N. alexis. The data indicate that glyphosate for these four species is in the probably not toxic to slightly toxic category for rating the relative acute toxicity of chemicals.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The spraying of coca (Erythroxylum coca) with glyphosate in Colombia has raised concerns about possible impacts on amphibians. There are few toxicity data for species other than those from temperate regions, and these have not been generated with the combination of formulated glyphosate (Glyphos) and the adjuvant, Cosmo-Flux (coca mix) as used in coca control in Colombia. In order to characterize toxicity of the spray mixture to frogs from Colombia, Gosner stage-25 tadpoles of Scinax ruber, Dendropophus microcephalus, Hypsiboas crepitans, Rhinella granulosa, Rhinella marina, Rhinella typhonius, Centrolene prosoblepon, and Engystomops pustulosus were exposed to the coca mix at concentrations of glyphosate ranging from 1 to 4.2 mg a.e./L diluted in dechlorinated tap water in glass containers. Cosmo-Flux was added to Glyphos in the proportion of 2.3% v/v, as used in aerial application for coca control. Exposures were for 96 hr at 23 +/- 1.5 degrees C with 12:12-hr light/dark cycle. Test solutions were renewed every 24 hr. Concentrations, measured within the first hour and at 24 and 96 hr using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Abraxis, LLC), ranged from 70 to 130% of nominal values. LC50 values ranged from 1200 to 2780 ug glyphosate acid equivalents (a.e.)/L for the 8 species tested. Data suggest that sensitivity to Roundup-type formulations of glyphosate in these species is similar to that observed in other tropical and temperate species. In addition, sensitivity of larval amphibians to Roundup-type formulations spans a relatively narrow range. Finally, toxicity of the mixture as used to spray coca was likely driven by the surfactant in the glyphosate formulation, as the addition of Cosmo-Flux did not enhance toxicity above those reported for Vision = Roundup. /Formulation/

Glyphosate resides in cowberries and billberies that were treated at 0.75 kg/ha in mid July, August, and September were 1.6 ppm and 2.1 ppm, respectively, 6-7 days after application and 0.1 to 0.3 ppm, when sampled 1 to 2 months after application(2). No residue were found in cowberries treated at 0.25 kg/ha and sampled 1 year later. No residues of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the glyphosate metabolite were found in cowberries and billberries at any of the sampling intervals. Glyphosate residues in reindeer lichen, sampled in the spring, 9 months after application at rates of 0.25, 0.75 and 2.25 kg/ha were 2.5, 14, and 45 ppm, respectively; the residue increased with dose(2). The concentration of AMPA were 0.25, 0.85, and 2.1 ppm, respectively. Thirteen months after being treated with glyphosate at a rate of 0.75 kg/ha, residues of glyphosate and AMPA in one sample of reindeer lichen was 6.4 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. Initial foliar residues on alder and salmonberry sprayed with glyphosate at 2.0-2.1 kg/ha were 262 and 448 ppm (dry wt), respectively(1). Leaf litter collected 15 days post application were 12.5 and 19.2 ppm, respectively, which declined logarithmically with a 50% dissipation time of about 8 days for alder and 9 days for salmonberry. AMPA levels in litter also declined and were undetectable 29 days postapplication(1).

Weeds that are resistant to glyphosate(1).[Table#4603]

Cough.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation in the throat and chest.

Tolerances are established for residues of glyphosate, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities listed below resulting from the application of glyphosate, the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, the ethanolamine salt of glyphosate, the dimethylamine salt of glyphosate, the ammonium salt of glyphosate, and the potassium salt of glyphosate. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine).[Table#4600]

Tolerances are established for residues of glyphosate, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities listed below resulting from the application of glyphosate, the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, the ethanolamine salt of glyphosate, the dimethylamine salt of glyphosate, the ammonium salt of glyphosate, and the potassium salt of glyphosate. Compliance with the following tolerance levels is to be determined by measuring only glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) and its metabolite N-acetyl-glyphosate (N-acetyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of glyphosate).[Table#4601]

The Agency made its reregistration eligibility determination based upon the target data base required for reregistration, the current guidelines for conducting acceptable studies to generate such data and the data identified in Appendix B. Although the Agency has found that all uses of glyphosate (isopropylamine and sodium salt formulations) are eligible for reregistration, it should be understood that the Agency may take appropriate regulatory action, and/or require the submission of additional data to support the registration of products containing glyphosate, if new information comes to the Agency's attention or if the data requirements for registration (or the guidelines for generating such data) change. ... Based on the reviews of the generic data for the active ingredient glyphosate, the Agency has sufficient information on the health effects of glyphosate and on its potential for causing adverse effects in fish and wildlife and the environment. The Agency concludes that products containing glyphosate for all uses are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has determined that glyphosate products, labeled and used as specified in this Reregistration Eligibility Document, will not pose unreasonable risks or adverse effects to humans or the environment.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Glyphosphate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0178; Pesticide type: herbicide (growth regulator); Registration Standard Date: 06/01/86; Case Status: RED Approved 09/93; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): isopropylamine glyphosate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 01/24/94, 02/16/94; AI Status: OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

(AZ) ARIZONA 700 ug/L

(ME) MAINE 700 ug/L

A systemic herbicide commonly used for roadside and forest applications; [EXTOXNET]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For glyphosate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 417300) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide registered for use on many food and non-food field crops as well as non-crop areas where total vegetation control is desired. When applied at lower rates, glyphosate also is a plant growth regulator.

Control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds, pre-harvest, in cereals, peas, beans, oilseed rape, flax and mustard, at 1.5-2 kg/ha; control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds in stubble and post-planting/pre-emergence of many crops; as a directed spray in vines and olives, at up to 4.3 kg/ha; in orchards, pasture, forestry and industrial weed control, at up to 4.3 kg/ha. As an aquatic herbicide, at 2 kg/ha.

For control of annual and perennial weeds, woody brush, and trees on over 150 crops. Use postdirected in tree and plantation crops, postemergence over Roundup Ready soybeans, and postharvest in fallow periods and noncropland.

Glyphosate is produced by heating a mixture of phosphorous acid and a-amino acetic acid, and then adding formaldehyde.

Preparation: J. E. Franz, German patent 2152826; idem, United States of America patent 3799758 and United States of America patent 3853530 (1972, 1974, 1974 all to Monsanto).

The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) identifies 42 companies with active labels for products containing the chemical glyphosate. To view the complete list of companies, product names and percent glyphosate in formulated products click the following url and enter the CAS Registry number in the Active Ingredient field.

Glyphosate Acid Technical (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: glyphosate 88.0%.

Touchdown Herbicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: glyphosate 28.3%.

Touchdown Ready-to-Use Herbicide (Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC): Active ingredient: glyphosate 0.81%.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE (32 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical Classes -> Pesticides (chemicals used for killing pests, such as rodents, insects, or plants)

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Herbicides

HERBICIDES

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies glyphosate (technical grade) as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: herbicide.

Glyphosate is among the most widely used pesticides by volume. It ranked eleventh among conventional pesticides used in the U.S. during 1990- 91. In recent years, approximately 13 to 20 million acres were treated with 18.7 million pounds of glyphosate annually. The largest use sites include hay/pasture, soybeans and field corn. /Glyphosate and its salts/

The glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) salts are nonselective herbicides and plant growth regulators.The techical sodium salt is a white crystalline solid which decomposes at 140 °C with a bulk density of 30 lb/ cu ft.

Crop safety evident when applied prior to planting or after harvest or when directed applications made to tree and vine crops.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for GLYPHOSATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.