Arsenic

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Urban Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) - EPA specified greatest potential health threat in urban areas

Metals -> Arsenic Compounds, Inorganic

Carcinogens

Trace element

5.727 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

5.778 @ 25 °C

5.7 g/cm³

5.73 (metal)

5.75 @25 °C

5.73 (metal)

IT EXISTS IN THREE ALLOTROPIC FORMS, THE YELLOW (ALPHA), BLACK (BETA) AND GREY (GAMMA) FORMS

Silver-gray or tin-white, brittle ... solid.

Allotropic forms: alpha-form, metallic, steel-grey, shiny, brittle, rhombohedral crystal structure; beta-form, dark gray, amorphous solid

Yellow, and gray or metallic

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Insol in caustic and nonoxidizing acids

Insoluble in water

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

1135 °F at 760 mmHg (sublimes) (USCG, 1999)

1135 °F (sublimes)

Sublimes

When arsenic is heated in air it will burn and form a white smoke consisting of arsenic trioxide (As2O3).

DANGEROUS WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP ... IT EMITS TOXIC FUMES OF ARSENIC /SRP: INCLUDING ARSINE/. /ARSENIC CMPD/

1135 °F (Sublimes) (NIOSH, 2024)

1135 °F (Sublimes)

1135 °F (sublimes)

1135 °F (Sublimes)

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P316, P304+P340, P316, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301+H331 (44.1%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Arsenic

Arsenic is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Arsenic are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 30-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/22366

Arsenic: HSNO Approval: HSR001528 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Contain highly toxic arsenic trioxide and other forms of arsenic. Arsenic gas, the most dangerous form of arsenic, is produced upon contact with an acid or acid fumes.

· Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.

CAN BE HEATED TO BURN IN AIR WITH BLUISH FLAME, GIVING OFF AN ODOR OF GARLIC AND DENSE WHITE FUMES OF ARSENIC TRIOXIDE (AS2O3).

FIRE HAZARD: MODERATE IN FORM OF DUST WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME OR BY CHEMICAL REACTION WITH POWERFUL OXIDIZERS ... .

Poisonous by inhalation of dust or by ingestion. Regardless of exposure route, symptoms in most cases are characteristic of severe gastritis or gastroenteritis. All chemical forms of arsenic eventually produce similar toxic effects. Symptoms may be delayed. (USCG, 1999)

· Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element widely distributed in the earth's crust. In the environment, arsenic is combined with oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur to form inorganic arsenic compounds. Arsenic in animals and plants combines with carbon and hydrogen to form organic arsenic compounds. Inorganic arsenic compounds are mainly used to preserve wood. Copper chromated arsenic (CCA) is used to make "pressure-treated" lumber. CCA is no longer used in the U.S. for residential uses; it is still used in industrial applications. Organic arsenic compounds are used as pesticides, primarily on cotton plants.

Arsenic, a naturally occurring element, is found throughout the environment. For most people, exposure to arsenic, including to inorganic arsenic compounds, occurs through their diet. Acute (short-term), high-level inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic has resulted in respiratory effects (cough, dyspnea, chest pain), gastrointestinal effects (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain), and central and peripheral nervous system effects. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in humans is associated with skin, cardiovascular, and neurological effects. Acute oral exposure to inorganic arsenic has resulted in effects on the digestive tract, respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, liver, and blood and has resulted in death. Chronic oral exposure to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic has resulted in gastrointestinal effects, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions, hyperpigmentation, and liver and kidney damage in humans. EPA has concluded that inorganic arsenic is a human carcinogen. Evidence from human studies suggests that exposure to inorganic arsenic by inhalation may result in lung cancer, while exposure by ingestion may result in nonmelanoma skin cancer and bladder, kidney, liver, and lung cancers.

Except for the electronics industry, the commercial use of arsenic is declining. Skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy, and anemia are the hallmarks of chronic poisoning. Chronic exposure is associated with lung, liver, and skin cancer. Liver function tests may be abnormal after chronic poisoning. Nasal septum perforation after dust exposure in the workplace was reported in the past. Encephalopathy, after both acute and chronic exposure, has been reported. In chronic toxicity, the kidney is not a major target organ. [ATSDR Case Studies: Arsenic Toxicity] The evidence that arsenic is a skin and lung occupational carcinogen is strong. The evidence for liver cancer (angiosarcoma) is suggestive. [Siemiatycki, p. 326] Incrimination of arsenic toxicity in noncirrhotic portal hypertension (i.e., hepatoportal sclerosis) is convincing. The multiple cases that have been reported for patients treated with arsenical preparations and the epidemiologic association of noncirrhotic portal hypertension with intake of arsenic-contaminated drinking water are strongly suggestive. [Zimmerman, p. 420] There is limited positive data for arsenic causing spontaneous abortions in humans and strong positive data for causing testicular damage, birth defects, and fetal loss in animals. [ATSDR Case Studies #29] Arsenic salts are irritants, but can be skin sensitizers. [Kanerva, p. 1753] In order of decreasing toxicity are inorganic trivalent, organic trivalent, inorganic pentavalent, and organic pentavalent compounds. [Sullivan, p. 858] Elemental arsenic is rare in nature and rarely encountered as a toxic substance. [LaDou, p. 464] Ingestion of 100-300 mg soluble trivalent arsenic such as sodium arsenite can cause fatal hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and shock. [Olson, p. 141] Effects of arsenic poisoning after ingestion may include shock and acute renal failure. [Sullivan, p. 861] See Arsenic Exposure, Assessment, Toxicity, Diagnosis, and Management. [PMID 30358658] See the disease, Arsenic, chronic toxic effect.

1558 152

1558 152(metal)

1562 152(dust)

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Arsenic (inorganic compounds, as As):

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Arsenic (soluble inorganic compounds plus methylated metabolites): 15 ug/g creatinine in urine at end of shift and end of workweek); Excludes gallium arsenide and arsine; [ACGIH TLVs and BEIs]

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, liquid, NOS/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Solvent extraction with high molecular weight amines and quaternary ammonium compounds may be a promising technique for the removal of toxic elements like ... arsenic ... from industrial effluents.

Prompt cleanup and removal are necessary. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Arsenic elemental arsenic wastes should be placed in long term storage or returned to suppliers or manufacturers for reprocessing.

Arsenic bearing sludges from the purification process in the production of antimony oxide are poor candidates for incineration.

An analysis of the health hazards associated with the operation of municipal sludge incinerators was done on the multiple hearth incinerator design, which comprises approximately 80 percent of the total number of sludge incinerators in the USA. Parameters discussed included sludge contaminant concentration, source characteristics, emission rate estimates, dispersion parameters, and health risk values. Estimates of environmental contamination by cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc due to emission loss from the incinerator were calculated. In addition, the human cancer risk (calculated as the effect index) associated with inhalation of incinerator emissions was calculated. The index values were greater than unity for arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, nickel, and lead.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Engineering controls are recommended to maintain arsenic concn below the occupational environment limit. Compliance should not be achieved by the use of respirators except during the time period necessary to install or test the required engineering controls, for nonroutine operations (such as a brief exposure to concn in excess of the limit as a result of maintenance or repair activities), or during emergencies when air concn of arsenic exceed the limit.

Shower baths shall be cleaned following use after each work shift. /Inorganic arsenic/

Arsine may be accidentally formed by the reaction of arsenic impurities in commercial acids stored in metal tanks, so that a test should be made for arsine before entry is made into such vessels.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Respiratory

[lung & lymphatic cancer]

When selenium is injected almost simultaneously with arsenic into test animals biliary excretion of both elements is enhanced seven to tenfold.

The effects of selenium and arsenic on tumor size and tumor number were examined in mice using the urethane pulmonary adenoma model. Female Swiss cross mice were administered the metals in drinking water at levels of 3 ug/ml selenium and 80 ug/ml arsenic on alternate days for 15 weeks. The urethane was administered after 3 weeks of the metal treatment, and the incidence and size of pulmonary adenomas were determined 12 weeks later. Weight gain was diminished in mice exposed to arsenic but not selenium. No other clinical signs were pesent due to metal exposure. Urethane induced sleeping times were significantly reduced in animals given both metals relative to those administered either arsenic or selenium. Both arsenic and selenium administered alone reduced tumor size; the efect of arsenic was greater than that of selenium and arsenic treatment also resulted in a decreased number of tumors per animal. No interactive effects between the metals were determined with regard to tumor production. Both arsenic and selenium alter urethane induced adenoma formation.

Cancer, Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels), Dermal (Skin), Endocrine (Glands and Hormones), Gastrointestinal (Digestive), Hematological (Blood Forming), Neurological (Nervous System), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys), Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Cardiovascular

Liver, kidneys, skin, lungs, lymphatic system

Acute poisoning with arsenic is marked by severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, muscle cramps, metallic taste and extreme thirst, followed by stupor, coma, cardiovascular collapse and death. Death can occur within 24 hours of exposure, but with sublethal doses, survival is possible and liver injury may arise 24 to 48 hours after the acute ingestion. Other symptoms include conjunctival and respiratory tract inflammation, epistaxis, rash, renal insufficiency and painful neuropathy. The characteristics of the liver injury have not been well defined, but are likely similar to those with acute iron poisoning, with a clinical phenotype of acute hepatic necrosis, marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, early onset of hepatic failure and rapid recovery in cases without early fatality.

Aquatic Fate: Arsenic as a free element (0-oxidation state) is rarely encountered in natural waters. Soluble inorganic arsenate (+5-oxidation state) predominates under normal conditions since it is thermodynamically more stable in water than arsenite (+3 oxidation state).

Neurotoxin - Sensorimotor

Compound with “fair evidence” of ototoxicity (it is a suspected ototoxic substance).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, skin and/or eye contact, ingestion

Inhalation

Arsine enters the bloodstream and crosses the alveolo-capillary membrane into red blood cells. Here it preferentially binds to hemoglobin and is oxidized to an arsenic dihydride intermediate and elemental arsenic, both of which are hemolytic agents. Arsine also depletes the reduced glutathione content of the red blood cells, resulting in the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in hemoglobin and red cell membranes. These effects produce membrane instability, resulting in hemolysis. Arsine may also inhibit catalase, which leads to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This destroys red cell membranes and may contribute to arsine-induced conversion of Fe+2 to Fe+3, which also impairs oxygen transport. (L11)

See Ingestion.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness. Shock or collapse. Unconsciousness.

Ulceration of nasal septum, dermatitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, resp irritation, hyperpigmentation of skin, [potential occupational carcinogen]

The first signs of arsine exposure are difficultly breathing, headaches, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin discoloration, and haemoglobinuria. (L11)

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

Tolerances for total residues of combined arsenic (calculated as As) in food are established as follows: (a) In edible tissues & in eggs of chickens & turkeys: 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue; 2 ppm in uncooked edible by-products; & 0.5 ppm in eggs. (b) In edible tissues of swine: 2 ppm in uncooked liver & kidney; 0.5 ppm in uncooked muscle tissue & by-products other than liver & kidney. /Arsenic/

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Arsenical cmpd, solid, NOS/

Inorganic arsenic has been designated as a hazardous air pollutant under section 112 of the Clean Air Act. /Inorganic Arsenic/

(a) The owner or operator of an existing glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 2.5 Mg (2.7 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

(b) The owner or operator of a new or modified glass melting furnace subject to the provisions of this subpart shall comply with either paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section ... (1) Uncontrolled total arsenic emissions from the glass melting furnace shall be less than 0.4 Mg (0.44 ton) per year, or ... (2) Total arsenic emissions from glass melting furnace shall be conveyed to a control device and reduced by at least 85%. /Total arsenic/

The owner or operator of each copper converter subject to the provisions of this subpart shall reduce inorganic arsenic emissions to the atmosphere by meeting the following design, equipment, work practice, and operational requirements: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a secondary hood system on each copper converter. Each secondary hood system shall consist of a hood enclosure, air curtain fan(s), exhaust system fan(s), and ductwork that conveys the captured emission to a control device ... (2) Optimize the capture of secondary inorganic arsenic emission by operating the copper converter and secondary hood systems at all times ... . /Inorganic arsenic/

For more Atmospheric Standards (Complete) data for ARSENIC, ELEMENTAL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). No reporting of releases of this hazardous substance is required if the diameter of the pieces of the solid metal released is equal to or exceedes 100 micrometers (0.004 inches).

For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated water & contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concn should be zero based on the nonthreshold assumption for this chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, & 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/l, 2.2 ng/l, & .22 ng/l, respectively .... For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/ml, 17.5 ng/l, & 1.75 ng/l, respectively. /Arsenic/

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Arsenic & cmpd/

D004; A solid waste containing arsenic may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

(AZ) ARIZONA 10 ug/L

(CT) CONNECTICUT 10 ug/L

Maximum Contaminant Level: 0.010 mg/L /Arsenic/

10 ug/L

Normal values of arsenic in urine, ... vary from 0.013-0.046 mg/L, to 0.13 mg/L, to 0.25 mg/L. The urinary excretion, in mg/L, of elements that are freely eliminated by this route, such as ... arsenic, is at most 2.5-5 times the occupation exposure in mg/cu m of air. It is apparent that biological monitoring for arsenic by urinalysis would be of limited value in determining whether or not the NIOSH recommended standard ... was being met or exceeded.

Inorganic arsenic is primarily used as a preservative to make wood resistant to rot and decay, although the use for certain residential items, such as decks and picnic tables, has been phased out. Inorganic arsenic is still used for this purpose in industrial applications.

MINING OR SMELTING: Smelt lead, copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, or gold; Harden copper and lead; MANUFACTURING: Pesticides (sheep dips, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, algicides, wood preservatives, cotton desiccants); Lead-arsenic alloys for solder, battery grids, or cable shielding; Electronics (microwave devices, lasers, light-emitting diodes, photoelectric cells, semiconductors); Clarified glass or ceramics; Pigments; USING OR DISPOSING: Clean fossil fuel furnaces, flues, or boilers; Sand or burn arsenic-treated wood; Lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and sodium arsenite have been used as pesticides;

EPA regulates copper smelters, glass manufacturing emissions, and drinking water. Inorganic arsenic no longer used in agriculture in the U.S. [ATSDR ToxFAQs] Arsenic-treated lumber for residential use voluntarily banned in 2003; [Olson, p. 140]

Soldering [Category: Heat or Machine]

Lost-wax casting [Category: Hobbies]

ALLOYING CONSTITUENT

(1973) 4.87X10+8 GRAMS (METAL)

In 1990, the U.S. requirement for metallic arsenic was supplied by the People's Republic of China.

Import sources in 1996-99: China, 87%; Hong Kong, 5%; Japan, 3%; and other, 5%.

Imports for consumption: (1996) 252 metric tons; (1997) 909 metric tons; (1998) 997 metric tons; (1999) 1,300 metric tons; (2000) 1,000 metric tons.

2023: 850,000 - <1,000,000 lb

(1986) No domestic production of arsenic or arsenic trioxide.

90% AS AN ALLOYING ADDITIVE; 7% IN ELECTRONIC DEVICES (LEAD-BASE BATTERY GRIDS AND CABLE SHEATHING); 3% AS AN INTERMEDIATE FOR ARSENICALS USED IN VETERINARY MEDICINE (1971)

Approximately 10 tons of high-purity arsenic metal was used /in 1986/ in the electronics industry for the production of semiconductor materials.

Demand for arsenic metal is limited

Arsenic "metal" is produced either by roasting the sulfide to form the oxide and then reducing the oxide with carbon or by heating arsenopyrite in the absence of air. When arsenic containing ores are smelted the arsenic becomes gaseous and burns in air to arsenic trioxide. This is trapped by electrostatic precipitators as a crude dust, which is roasted so as to drive off arsenic trioxide. The purified arsenic trioxide is collected in a cooling chamber.

Flue dust of copper and lead smelters, from which it is obtained as white arsenic (arsenic trioxide) in varying degrees of purity. This is reduced with charcoal. Commercial grade is not made in the US.

Metallic arsenic can be obtained by the direct smelting of the minerals arsenopyrite or loellingite. The arsenic vapor is sublimed when these minerals are heated to about 650-700 °C in the absence of air. The metal can also be prepared commercially by the reduction of arsenic trioxide with charcoal. The oxide and charcoal are mixed and placed into a horizontal steel retort jacketed with firebrick which is then gas-fired. The reduced arsenic vapor is collected in a water-cooled condenser. In a process by Boliden Aktuebolag, the steel retort, heated to 700-800 °C in an electric furnace, is equipped with a demountable air-cooled condenser.

Grades: technical; crude (90-95%); refined (99%); semiconductor grade 99.999%; single crystals.

Commercial arsenic metal is sold at a typical purity of 99% in fragment or lump (5-7.5 cm) form; in high purity (ranging from 99.99% to in excess of 99.999%+) forms for semiconductor applications; high purity forms are normally packaged in fragmented form in evacuated and sealed glass ampules to prevent oxidation.

-6 mm to -325 mesh particles size, 99 to 99.999% purity grade; lumps 99.9999% grade

Chemical Classes -> Inorganic substances

Food Contaminant -> METALS -> JECFA Functional Classes

Petroleum Refineries

Arsenic: ACTIVE

Production of arsenic trioxide and metal at the Tacoma, WA, copper smelter were terminated by the end of 1985.

China accounts for nearly all the world's production of commercial grade arsenic metal.

Since the closure of the last domestic producer of arsenic in 1985, all arsenic has been derived from imported sources.