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Insecticides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide (Temephos) -> USDA PDB

Pesticide

log Kow = 5.96

5.96

1.32 (NIOSH, 2024) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3 g/cu cm

1.3 g/cm³

1.32

1.32

Colorless crystals

White, crystalline solid or liquid (above 87 degrees F) [Note: Technical grade is a brown, viscous liquid].

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

Soluble in common organic solvents such as diethyl ether, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Soluble in acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, ether, toluene

In hexane, 9.6 g/L

In water, 9.0X10-6 g/L at 10 °C; 2.7X10-4 g/L at 20 °C; 7.0X10-4 g/L at 30 °C

In water, 0.27 mg/L at 25 °C

248 to 257 °F at 760 mmHg (Decomposes) (NIOSH, 2024)

248-257 °F (decomposes)

248-257 °F (Decomposes)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic /phosphorus oxide and sulfur oxide/ fumes.

120-125 °C

87 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

30.0-30.5 °C

30 °C

87 °F

87 °F

7e-08 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.00000007 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure at 25 °C: negligible

0.00000007 mmHg at 77 °F

(77 °F): 0.00000007 mmHg

Temephos appears as white crystalline solid or liquid (above 87 °F). Used as an insecticide. Technical grade is a viscous brown liquid. (NIOSH, 2024)

White, crystalline solid or liquid (above 87 degrees F). [insecticide] [Note: Technical grade is a viscous, brown liquid.]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALS OR LIQUID.

White, crystalline solid or liquid (above 87 °F).

White, crystalline solid or liquid (above 87 °F). [insecticide] [Note: Technical grade is a viscous, brown liquid.]

Danger

H302 (61.5%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 78 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

Hazard Traits - Developmental Toxicity; Neurotoxicity

2002/2076

Temephos: HSNO Approval: HSR002880 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Combustible. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Classified as slightly toxic with an LD50 of 5 gm/kg for the 2% powder formulation; [EXTOXNET] The average of two baseline respective cholinesterase activity determinations three days apart, with no exposures to enzyme inhibiting pesticides for at least 30 days, is recommended for each worker prior to exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors because of large inter-individual differences in published baseline values. To be established at least once a year. Removal from workplace exposures is recommended until the cholinesterase activity returns to within 20% of baseline. [TLVs and BEIs]

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Temephos (September 2000). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of May 28, 2009: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

ANON; Temephos; Commission of the European Communities, 2920 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Geneve 27, Switzerland, p.2 (1991). International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: skin absorption; delayed effects; neurotoxic effects (cholinesterase inhibition). Long term exposure effects: cholinesterase inhibition.

USEPA; Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Database for Temephos (3383-96-8). (September 2000).[Available from, as of May 1, 2009: http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/temephos_red.htm]

California Environmental Protection Agency/Department of Pesticide Regulation; Toxicology Data Review Summary for Temephos (3383-96-8).[Available from, as of May 11, 2009: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/risk/toxsums/toxsumlist.htm]

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Temephos (3383-96-8).[Available from, as of May 22, 2009: http://npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu/ppis/]

The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e., active ingredient specific) data necessary to support reregistration of products containing temephos active ingredients. The Agency has completed its assessment of the human health and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticides containing the active ingredient temephos of organophosphates as a class. Based on a review of these data and public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient temephos, EPA has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of temephos to make a reregistration eligibility decision. Because temephos has no dietary or residential exposure concerns, it is not subject to further cumulative assessment for other organophosphates. This ... /Reregistration Eligibility Decision document/ identifies risk reduction measures that are necessary to allow the continued use of temephos. Appendix B. identifies the generic data requirements that the Agency reviewed as part of its determination, and lists the submitted studies that the Agency found acceptable. Based on its current evaluation of temephos alone, the Agency has determined that temephos products, unless amended and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should the registrant fail to implement any of the risk mitigation measures identified in this /Reregistration Eligibility Decision/ document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from use of temephos. For temephos, if all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the labels, then the risks associated with current use patterns will be mitigated.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Temephos is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0006; Pesticide type: insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 8/1/81; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.; Active ingredient (AI): temephos; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 11/21/91, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m. /Total dust/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Respirable fraction/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Total particulate/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Respirable fraction/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Temephos:

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical. /Malathion/

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Malathion/

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated, secure area out of reach children and animals.

... Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from strong acids or bases. Where possible, automatically transfer material from drum or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.

Environmental consideration: Landspill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding areato contain liquid or solid material /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. /Malathion/

Environmental consideration: Water spill: If dissolved ... apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount /in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration/. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges, or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Malathion/

Spills of malathion on floors shall be absorbed with absorbing clay. Sweeping compound may be utilized to facilitate the removal of all visible traces of malathion contaminated clay. Equipment and fixtures contaminated with malathion shall be decontaminated with an alkaline solution (5% sodium hydroxide). /Malathion/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Hydrolysis: No hydrolysis was observed several hr at 40 °C and pH 11 or at pH 8 and room temp for several weeks. Essentially complete hydrolysis may be obtained upon heating in concentrated KOH /potassium hydroxide/ for 20 min. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for Malathion: Biological treatment and reverse osmosis. /Malathion/

Molten salt combustion: The melts contained either sodium carbonate or potassiumcarbonate. The use of potassium carbonate is of interest because the combustion product, potassium chloride can be used as a fertilizer. Destruction of the pesticide was greater than 99.9%. No pesticides were detected in the melt; however, traces of pesticides were detected in the off- gas. The conc of pesticides in the off-gas were generally well below the TLV. /Malathion/

Hydrolysis: The overalls polluted with malathion should be shaken and soaked in a soap-and-soda soln for 6-8 hr. Then the overalls must be washed 2-3 times in a hot soap-and-soda soln and rinsed carefully. Containers are decontaminated with 5% caustic or washing soda (300-500 g per 10 l of water). The containers are filled with this soln, kept for 5-12 hr, then washed with ample water. If soda is not at hand, wood ash may be used instead. /Malathion/

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

This product may be applied only by public health officials, personnel of mosquito abatement districts, and other similar government agencies or personnel under contract to these entities.

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, non-target bodies of water, known habitat for threated or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive areas).

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, male, age 4-7 months) oral 79.4 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 38.5-163 mg/kg) /sample purity 92%/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, female, age 2-4 months) oral 31.5 ppm (95% confidence limit: 18.1-54.9 ppm)

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duck, egg) egg immersion 107 ug/g egg for 30 sec (in oil vehicle) /from table/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhychos (Mallard duck, age 17 days) dietary 894 ppm for 5 days (95% confidence limit 575-1910 ppm) /Technical 86.8%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (81 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 18,250 to 31,800(2) indicate that temephos is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of temephos from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Temephos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.9X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). A biodegradation half-life of 17.2 days under aquatic conditions(2) suggests that biodegradation may be a moderately important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 18,250 to 31,800(2) indicate that temephos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Temephos has been reported to rapidly partition to sediment and suspended organic matter and become strongly adsorbed(3,4). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(5) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF of 2,300(2) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). A biodegradation half-life in water of 17.2 days under aerobic conditions(2) suggests that biodegradaton may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Temephos was added to pond water in beakers to give an initial concentration of 0.1 ppm. The dissipation was measured at temperatures of 10, 25 and 38 °C. Within 48 hours, the concentration of temephos in the pond water reached a steady state of 0.02-0.04 ppm with no significant difference observed for the three temperatures. The majority of temephos was found associated with organic matter in the pond water. Hydrolysis and oxidation may account for some of the dissipation; however, most of the temephos was adsorbed to organic matter and slowly released to achieve the steady state(1).

AQUATIC FATE: The time for 90% disappearance of temephos applied at 10 ppb to the surface of artificial polyethylene-lined ponds and activated by leaf litter (sediment) was 1.05 days. Ten days were required for a decline of temephos concentration to 0.01 ppb. Adsorption by polyethylene played a significant role in temephos disappearance, with a maximum of 1560 ppb adsorbed in <1 day. The rapid adsorption corresponded to rapid partitioning. This was followed by desorption from polyethylene, such that small amounts of insecticide were rereleased into the aqueous phase and, after a time, equilibrium was reached. The behavior of insecticides in artificial ponds may not completely reflect the behavior in natural systems(1).

For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Signs of acute intoxication /from oral administration in birds/: asthenia, ataxia, low carriage, fluffed feathers, fasciculation, tremors, salivation, lacrimation, tracheal congestion, miosis, muscular weakness, tachycardia, tachypnea, tetany, immobility. ... Signs appeared as soon as 5 min & mortalities usually occurred between 1 & 24 hr after treatment ... . /Sample purity 92%/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The shrimp Leander tenuicornis is abundant in southeastern Queensland intertidal marsh pools and was chosen as an indicator species for toxicological studies with pesticides. Acute toxicity to this crustacean of temephos and 3 pesticide compounds under evaluation for registration in Australia (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, s-methoprene, and pyriproxyfen) was tested in 96-hr laboratory trials. Temephos was the most toxic compound, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.01 ppm (0.33 times the estimated field concentration [EFC] for a 15-cm-deep pool). ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Laboratory evaluations were conducted in southeastern Queensland, Australia, to determine the toxicity of ... temephos ... to Culex annulirostris (Skuse), an Australian freshwater mosquito vector of arboviruses, and to Caradina indistincta Calman, a co-habiting nontarget shrimp species. ... The lethal dose ratio for temephos /was/ 0.05, suggesting that /it is/ environmentally unsuitable.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the sublethal effects of exposure to selected larvicides on the critical swimming speed of crimson-spotted rainbowfish, Melanotaenia duboulayi (Castlenau). This native fish is common throughout southeastern Queensland, and it is increasingly being distributed as a biological control agent of mosquitoes. The selected larvicides included ... temephos ... Exposure to temephos at 10 times the effective field concentration (EFC; 0.33 mg/L) ... resulted in a significant reduction in the /critical swimming speed/ of M. duboulayi under controlled conditions.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dizziness. Nausea. Muscle twitching. Sweating. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

Abdominal cramps. See Inhalation.

irritation eyes, blurred vision; dizziness; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); salivation; abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Freundlich adsorption coefficients calculated from adsorption/desorption studies ranged from 7.3-541 for temephos and was dependant upon organic carbon content of the soil. The Koc values for temephos were measured using 14-C labeled temephos at concentrations of 5, 8, 11, and 26 ppb. The results indicated Koc values in loamy sand (Delaware) 18,250, sandy loam (Princeton) 16,250, silt loam (Nebraska) 31,800, and loam (Ontario) 22,800. Temephos adsorption to sediment steadily increased to a maximum after two days of exposure, but temephos degradation products have shown to adsorb less strongly to soils(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that temephos is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic (i.e., active ingredient specific) data necessary to support reregistration of products containing temephos active ingredients. The Agency has completed its assessment of the human health and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticides containing the active ingredient temephos of organophosphates as a class. Based on a review of these data and public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient temephos, EPA has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of temephos to make a reregistration eligibility decision. Because temephos has no dietary or residential exposure concerns, it is not subject to further cumulative assessment for other organophosphates. This ... /Reregistration Eligibility Decision document/ identifies risk reduction measures that are necessary to allow the continued use of temephos. Appendix B. identifies the generic data requirements that the Agency reviewed as part of its determination, and lists the submitted studies that the Agency found acceptable. Based on its current evaluation of temephos alone, the Agency has determined that temephos products, unless amended and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should the registrant fail to implement any of the risk mitigation measures identified in this /Reregistration Eligibility Decision/ document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from use of temephos. For temephos, if all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the labels, then the risks associated with current use patterns will be mitigated.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Temephos is found on List A, which contains most pesticides that are used on foods and, hence, have a high potential for human exposure. List A consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA '88. Case No: 0006; Pesticide type: insecticide; Registration Standard Date: 8/1/81; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the RED document.; Active ingredient (AI): temephos; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 11/21/91, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide have made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner.

Abate is a cholinesterase inhibiting insecticide.

Organophosphates poison insects and humans primarily by phosphorylation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme at nerve endings. /Organophosphate Cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides/

Studies with tritium-labeled abate indicated that this insecticide was relatively resistant to metabolic degradation. Residues on bean leaves ... consisted primarily of intact abate- about 70% of applied dose. The major metabolite was the sulfoxide derivative- less than 5% of the dose. Traces of sulfone derivative, oxygen analog, and glucosidic conjugates of phenolic hydrolysis products from abate and its sulfoxide & sulfone derivatives were also observed.

When rats were fed Abate, 60% of the material appeared in ... feces as the oxygen analog of Abate and its sulfoxide. The thiodiphenol, sulfinyldiphenol and sulfonyldiphenol were also found. In the urine, sulfate and glucoside conjugates of the hydrolysis products of Abate and sulfoxide as well as sulfone analogs accounted for 39.5% of the material administered. ... Five compounds found in feces and three in urine were not identified.

Larvae of the mosquito (Aedes aegypti L) metabolized Abate to sulfoxides and sulfones of Abate, the oxygen analog, and the demethylated analog. Some conjugates were also formed. In the housefuly, all expected metabolic products were found internally either as the intact ester or as hydrolyzed material ...

Abate yields in rat, abate sulfoxide and thiodiphenol. /From table/

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dermal penetration of (14)C-labeled abate was measured in rats, rabbits, and dogs. Absorption was assessed by monitoring excreted radioactivity in urine and feces for 7 days and analysis of tissue specimens /were conducted/. Absorption would be expected to be less than 3% of applied dose. No evidence of bodily retention or pooling of radioactive moiety was demonstrated.

In guinea pig, /oral/ absorption apparently was less than in rat, & biliary excretion of metabolites was demonstrated.

When (3)H temephos was administered to rats by mouth, radioactivity reached a peak in the blood between 5 and 8 hr and then dissipated within a half-life of about 10 hr. Appreciable radioactivity was found only in the GI tract and fat. Both in the feces and in the fat, most of the radioactivity came from unchanged insecticide, but small amounts of the sulfoxide were present also. Traces of temephos were found in the urine ... .

In mammals, elimination of mainly of unchanged temephos in the feces and urine.

Used to kill mosquito, midge, and black fly larvae in lakes, ponds, and wetlands; also used to kill fleas and human lice; [EXTOXNET]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For temephos (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 059001) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Larvicide for mosquitoes, black flies, and midges and in other applications.

Effective in controlling fleas on dogs and cats and lice on humans. On crops, it is effective in controlling cutworms, thrips on citrus, and lygus bugs.

Control of "river blindness" (onchoceraiasis) ... by killing the insect vector (black fly) carrying filaria of this disease.

Reaction of 4,4'-thiodiphenol and o,o-dimethyl phosphorochloridothioate

Preparation: J. B. Lovell, R. W. Baer, BE 648531 C.C. 63, 11433e (1965); eidem, US 3317636 (1964, 1967 both to American Cyanamid).

Granular and emulsifiable concentrate.

4 lb/gal EC; also 500 g/l (4.15 lb/gal); 50% water-dispersible powder (wdp); 1 sg insecticide (high density, sandcore granules ... For control of mosquito larvae in dense vegetation); 2g insecticide, 5g insecticide (low density granules for aquatic insect control in open waters and along shores).

Abate 4-E should be extended only with water or aromatic solvents containing at least 85 aromatics (such as Panasol AN-2 and Han 132). Granules 1, 2 & 5% AI. Granules 1%, 2%, 500 E EC, 50% WP.

Temephos is available as 10, 43, and 50% emulsifiable concentrates; 50% wettable powder; and 1, 2, and 5% granules.

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for TEMEPHOS (26 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phosphorothioic acid, Op,Op'-(thiodi-4,1-phenylene) Op,Op,Op',Op'-tetramethyl ester: ACTIVE

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Temephos (technical grade) as unlikely to present an acute hazard in normal use; Main Use: insecticide.

Temephos is approved by the WHO for the use as a vector control agent in potable water and recommended application should not exceed a dosage of 1 mg/L.

Where ... /Abate is/ used ... /to control mosquito larvae/, water so treated must not be drunk by humans, livestock or pets, or used in birdbaths or aquariums, at least until ... chem has become diluted to point of insignificance.