塩酸チアミン水和物

化学的特性Thiamine hydrochloride, also known as vitamin B1, is a white or almost white, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. It has an odor slightly reminiscent of thiazole and a bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1g dissolved in 1mL of water at 20℃), slightly soluble in ethanol, and insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone. The oxidation-reduction reaction can cause it to lose activity. When exposed to air, the vitamin rapidly absorbs about 4% of water.

解説ビタミンB1の別名，C12H18N4OCl2S(塩酸塩)．抗脚気因子．胚芽，酵母などに含まれる．細胞中では主としてピロリン酸エステルとなり，さらにタンパク質などと結合して酵素成分となる．成人に1日約1 mg必要とされる．

用途ビタミン B1 化合物です。糖 質代謝に作用します。

説明Thiamine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine (vitamin B1), a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis. Vitamin B1 helps prevent various health problems including heart damage.Thiamine hydrochloride is used to prevent and treat thiamine deficiency states, which may occur as a result of inadequate nutrition or intestinal malabsorption. It is also used for the treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, beriberi and thiamine deficiency related to chronic alcoholism. Thiamine hydrochloride is used as a food additive to add brothy/meaty flavor to gravies or soups. It is used also as a food supplement and flavoring ingredient with a bitter taste.

天然物の起源Rice husks are reportedly the principal source of vitamin B1; in variable amounts it is a constituent of yeast, milk, green leaves, roots and tubers; it is also present in high concentration in seeds, and in lesser amount in different animal organs and muscles.

来歴Thiamine hydrochloride was the first water-soluble vitamin to be purified. In 1912, Cashmir Funk isolated thiamine from rice husks and coined the term ‘vitamine’ because it was required for life (‘vita’) and because thiamine contained nitrogen (‘amine’). Thiamine, formerly known as B1, is water soluble. Thiamine is a vital cofactor for enzymes and coenzymes of glycolysis, the Kreb’s cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway. Thiamine is also involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid and in nerve propagation.

使用Thiamine is the water-soluble vitamin b1, required for normal digestion and functioning of nerve tissues and in the prevention of beriberi. It also acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates. During processing, the higher and longer the heating period, the greater the loss. The loss is reduced in the presence of acid. Thiamine hydrochloride and thiamine mononitrate are two available forms. The mononitrate form is less hygroscopic and more stable than the hydrochloride form, making it suitable for use in beverage powders. It is used in enriched flour and is found as thiamine mononitrite in frozen egg substitute and crackers.

一般的な説明Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex whose phosphate derivatives are involved in many cellular processes required for overall human health. Thiamine deficiency, often the result of impaired nutritional status associated with chronic diseases from alcoholism to HIV-AIDS, is monitored in patient whole blood samples by HPLC.

製造方法By linking the preformed thiazole and pyrimidine ring system.

純化方法The hydrochloride crystallises from 95% EtOH (solubility is ca 1%). The monohydrate is dehydrated at 100o in vacuo over H2SO4, but is hygroscopic and picks up one molecule of H2O readily. It can be sterilised at 100o if the pH of the solution is below 5.5. The nitrate has m 196-200o(dec) and is more stable than the hydrochloride. The picrolonate crystallises from H2O and is dimorphic, m 164-165o and 228-229o(dec). [Todd & Bergel J Chem Soc 364, 367 1937, J Am Chem Soc 58 1063, 1504 1936, 59 526 1937, Beilstein 27 IV 1766.]

定義本品は、複素環式化合物の塩酸塩であり、次の化学式で表される。

定義ChEBI: Thiamine hydrochloride is a hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It has a role as an insect repellent. It is a vitamin B1 and a hydrochloride. It contains a thiamine(2+).