DL-トリプトファン

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: At the time of review, regulatory criteria for small quantity disposal are subject to significant revision, however, household quantities of waste pharmaceuticals may be managed as follows: Mix with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double bag in plastic, discard in trash.

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.

Residues of tryptophan are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: synergist. Limit: maximum of 5% of formulation.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Concentrations of tryptophan (free and protein bound) and its metabolites in plasma of maternal vein at delivery, umbilical vein, umbilical artery, neonatal vein and breast milk were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma levels of tryptophan and most of its metabolites in umbilical vein and artery were significantly higher than those in maternal vein. The concentration of total tryptophan in plasma of neonatal vein showed marked decrease at 24 h after birth in comparison with that at birth, but the total kynurenine concentration was not decreased in plasma of neonatal vein. The colostrum contained a high level of total tryptophan. There were high ratios of free to total tryptophan in colostrum, transitional and mature milk. In the blood, ratios of free to total of tryptophan and kynurenine were kept at constant level throughout the perinatal period.

Acetylsalicylic acid reduced serum-protein binding of tryptophan in man, causing rise in free serum tryptophan. Changes in metabolic pattern also occurred, with increased urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and 3-hydroxylkynurenine and decreased excretion of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.

Although tryptophan has been given to patients receiving MAOIs in the belief that clinical efficacy may be improved, it should be noted that the adverse effects may also be potentiated.

Use of tryptophan with drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin may exacerbate the adverse effects of the latter and precipitate the serotonin syndrome.

There have been occasional reports of sexual disinhibition in patients taking tryptophan with phenothiazines or benzodiazepines.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for (L)-Tryptophan (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 320(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that (L)-tryptophan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa values of pKa1 2.38 (carboxylic acid) and pKa2 9.39 (primary amine)(4) indicate that this compound will exist as a zwitterion which may affect its adsorption to soils and sediments(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because ions do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid/base exists as an anion/cation and anions/cations do not volatilize. (L)-Tryptophan is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Using the Warburg respirometer test, a theoretical BOD value of 4.6% in 24 hours(6) suggests that biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 320(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that (L)-tryptophan may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). The pKa values of pKa1 2.38 (carboxylic acid) and pKa2 9.39 (primary amine)(4) indicate (L)-tryptophan will exist as a zwitterion at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the Warburg respirometer test, a theoretical BOD value of 4.6% in 24 hours(8) suggests that biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), (L)-tryptophan, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.1X10-9 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase (L)-tryptophan may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Photooxidation proceeds primarily by a singlet-oxygen mechanism(3). The oxidation products kynurenine and N-formylkynurenine accumulated most readily at pH 4-7.5 following irradiation of solutions of tryptophan containing riboflavin(4).

Concentrations of tryptophan (free and protein bound) and its metabolites in ... breast milk were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. ... The colostrum contained a high level of total tryptophan. There were high ratios of free to total tryptophan in colostrum, transitional and mature milk. ...

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

A number of important side reactions occur during the catabolism of tryptophan on the pathway to acetoacetate. The first enzyme of the catabolic pathway is an iron porphyrin oxygenase that opens the indole ring. The latter enzyme is highly inducible, its concentration rising almost 10-fold on a diet high in tryptophan. Kynurenine is the first key branch point intermediate in the pathway. Kynurenine undergoes deamniation in a standard transamination reaction yielding kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid and metabolites have been shown to act as antiexcitotoxics and anticonvulsives. A second side branch reaction produces anthranilic acid plus alanine. Another equivalent of alanine is produced further along the main catabolic pathway, and it is the production of these alanine residues that allows tryptophan to be classified among the glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. The second important branch point converts kynurenine into 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde, which has two fates. The main flow of carbon elements from this intermediate is to glutarate. An important side reaction in liver is a transamination and several rearrangements to produce limited amounts of nicotinic acid, which leads to production of a small amount of NAD⁺ and NADP⁺.

Symptoms of overdose include agitation, confusion, diarrhea, fever, overactive reflexes, poor coordination, restlessness, shivering, sweating, talking or acting with excitement you cannot control, trembling or shaking, twitching, and vomiting.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=73-22-3]

The Koc of (L)-tryptophan is estimated as 320(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that (L)-tryptophan is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa values of pKa1 2.38 (carboxylic acid) and pKa2 9.39 (primary amine)(4) indicate that this compound will exist as a zwitterion which may affect its adsorption to soils and sediments(SRC).

(L)-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for human development and a precursor of serotonin(1).

MILK & EGGS ... HAVE HIGH TRYPTOPHAN CONTENT.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in human blood and brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increase /were found/ after tryptophan loading, which is similar to the effects of L-tryptophan in animals. ... Elevations in blood and 5-HIAA and CSF serotonin after single doses of 3 or 6 g of L-tryptophan. However, ... a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in six normal men fed 3 g/day of L-tryptophan in divided doses with meals for 3 days, found a 113% elevation in plasma tryptophan, but no changes in platelet or plasma serotonin or in plasma catecholamines. ... No changes in urinary catecholamines /were found/. Additionally, no changes in blood pressure, heart rate, plasma sodium levels or 24-hour sodium excretion in urine /were found/.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ L-Tryptophan administration (2 g) as a single dose before a meal has been found to decrease subjective hunger ratings, food intake, and alertness in men, but not women.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 15 humans /were tested/ only once with 0, 1, 2, and 3 g of L-tryptophan. Individuals receiving 2 and 3 g of L-tryptophan had decreased hunger and alertness and increased faintness and dizziness. Administration of 1 g of L-tryptophan with 10 g of carbohydrates before each meal (3 g L-tryptophan/d) for 3 months did not affect body weight of obese humans.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Daily doses of 2.4 g of L-tryptophan for 2 weeks did not produce a significant reduction in the consumption of carbohydrate snacks in the majority of the 24 individuals.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for (L)-Tryptophan (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

L-Tryptophan is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: tryptophan is included in weight control drug products.

Residues of tryptophan are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Use: synergist. Limit: maximum of 0.5% of formulation.

CIR ingredient: Tryptophan

An essential amino acid; Used in biochemical research; [Merck Index] Used as a nutritional supplement for foods; [FDA] Used as a dietary supplement, for research, cereal enrichment, and as a medication; [HSDB] Permitted for use as an inert ingredient in non-food pesticide products; [EPA]

Nutrition and research; medicine; dietary supplement; cereal enrichment /Tryptophan/

Probe for studying protein structure and dynamics

Nutritional supplement (amino acid) in drugs and foods

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: Analgesic; Antidementia; Antidepressant; Antidyskinetic; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac; Antimanic; Antimenopausal; Antimigraine; Antioxidant; Antiparkinsonian; Antiphenylketonuric; Antiprostaglandin; Antipsychotic; Antirheumatic; Antiscolioticn;;Carcinogenic; Essential; Hypnotic; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive; Insulinase-Inhibitor; Insulinotonic;Monoamine-Precursor; Prolactinogenic; Sedative; Serotoninergic; Tumor-Promoter /Tryptophan/

(1977) 2.34 X 10+7 g (Princpl Custms Dists)

(1979) 2.47 X 10+7 g (Princpl Custms Dists)

(1977) Not produced commercially in USA

(1979) Not produced commercially in USA

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4827]

Fermentation of natural or biologically available substances with Corynebacterium glutamicum; enzymatically from indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonia using microbial tryptophanase

Synthesis starting with beta-indolylaldehyde and hippuric acid; ... from hydantoin; alternate route starting with 3-indoleacetonitrile.

Grades: Reagent; Technical; Food Chemicals Codex /Tryptophan/

(L)-Tryptophan with plant oils in soft gelatin capsules.

Tryptophan: ACTIVE

L-Tryptophan: ACTIVE

An essential amino acid for human development; precursor of serotonin.

60 mg of tryptophan is approx equiv to 1.0 mg of niacin. /Tryptophan/

The amino acids that are incorporated into mammalian protein are alpha-amino acids, with the exception of proline, which is an alpha-imino acid. This means that they have a carboxyl group, an amino nitrogen group, and a side chain attached to a central alpha-carbon. Functional differences among the amino acids lie in the structure of their side chains. In addition to differences in size, these side groups carry different charges at physiological pH (e.g., nonpolar, uncharged but polar, negatively charged, positively charged); some groups are hydrophobic (e.g., branched chain and aromatic amino acids) and some hydrophilic (most others). These side chains have an important bearing on the ways in which the higher orders of protein structure are stabilized and are intimate parts of many other aspects of protein function.