アセトンシアンヒドリン

用途メタクリル樹脂の中間体原料

説明Acetone cyanohydrin is an organic compound used in the production of methyl methacrylate, the monomer of the transparent plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as acrylic. Acetone cyanohydrin is a flammable colourless liquid with a faint odour of bitter almond. It is incompatible with sulphuric acid. Acetone cyanohydrin readily undergoes decomposition by water to form hydrogen cyanide and acetone. Cassava tubers contain linamarin, a glucoside of acetohydrin, and the enzyme linamarinase for hydrolysing the glucoside. Crushing the tubers releases these compounds and produces acetone cyanohydrin, which is potentially lethally toxic. Acetone cyanohydrin is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to- Know Act. The principal hazards of acetone cyanohydrin arise from its ready decomposition on contact with water, which releases highly toxic hydrogen cyanide.

使用Acetone cyanohydrin is used to make methyl methacrylate; in the production of pharmaceuticals, foaming agents, and insecticides; and to produce polymerization initiators.

一般的な説明A colorless liquid. Flash point 165°F. Lethal by inhalation and highly toxic or lethal by skin absorption. Density 7.8 lb / gal (less dense than water). Vapors heavier than air. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

Acetone cyanohydrin is formed by adding acetone to sodium or potassium cyanide in water and treating with H2S04 or by reaction of acetone with hydrogen cyanide (HSDB 1988; Windholz et al 1983). Technical acetone cyanohydrin may contain as much as 0.2% free hydrogen cyanide. U.S. production in 1984 is estimated at 546,000 tons (HSDB 1988).

純化方法Dry the cyanohydrin with Na2SO4, and distil it as rapidly as possible under vacuum to avoid decomposition. Discard fractions boiling below 78-82o/15mm. Store it in the dark. USE AN EFFICIENT FUME HOOD as HCN (POISONOUS) is always present. [Cox & Stormont Org Synth Coll.Vol. II 7 1940, Beilstein 3 H 316, 3 IV 785.]