Ethanolamine

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

0.2 [ppm]

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use water spray, dry chemical "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Hygroscopic. Handle and store under inert gas.

Separate from oxidizing materials, acids, and halogens. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.

Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations ... Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. If in liquid form, for small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 4. If in solid form, allow to melt and follow (3) above.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: filter respirator for ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking liquid in sealable plastic containers. Absorb remaining liquid in inert absorbent. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

A number of aliphatic amines have been identified as normal constituents of mammalian and human urine, including ethanolamine(1). Average excretion rate: men - 0.162 mg/kg per day; women - 0.492 mg/kg per day; cats 0.47 mg/kg per day; rats - 01.46 mg/kg per day; and rabbits - 1.0 mg/kg per day(1).

... Here we investigated hair dye-induced dermatitis and hair loss using in vivo mouse model to uncover the causative ingredients. Commercially available hair dye products or combination of the ingredients of hair dye product were applied topically for 3 days on the dorsum of the female C57BL/6 mice and, dermatitis and hair loss were examined. The mice treated with hair dye products exhibited unequivocal signs of hair loss and dermatitis. To find out causative ingredients, combinations of the representative components of hair dye including reducing agents, the mixture of dye and monoethanolamine (MEA), ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were applied and thereafter, hair loss and dermatitis were evaluated. All the groups treated with the combinations containing H(2)O(2) and neutralized dye mixture manifested hair loss and dermatitis. Subsequent experiments revealed that H(2)O(2) and MEA synergistically induced hair loss and dermatitis. Histological examination showed that oxidative stress may be the mechanism underlying hair-dye induced dermatitis. Consistently, H(2)O(2) and MEA synergistically induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) and MEA may be the key causative ingredients for hair dye-associated dermatitis and hair loss.

EC50; Species: Pseudomonas putida (bacteria); Concentration: 12,200 mg/L for 2 hr; Effect: inhibition of NH3- oxidation /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 190 mg/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 170 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish); Concentration: 375 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 0.59(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, absorption is affected by the acidity of the soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminoethanol is 9.5(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as a cation and cations do not volatilize. 2-aminoethanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Using the Closed Bottle, CO2 Evolution, and MITI tests, 2-aminoethanol exhibited 64.4, 91.4, and 71.2% CO2 evolution, respectively, after 28 days(7), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 0.59(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.31(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-aminoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, adsorption can be affected by the acidity of the substrate(SRC). A pKa of 9.5(4) indicates 2-aminoethanol will exist almost entirely in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the Closed Bottle, CO2 Evolution, and MITI tests, 2-aminoethanol exhibited 64.4, 91.4, and 71.2% CO2 evolution, respectively, after 28 days(6), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminoethanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.404 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Aminoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that ethanolamine and the 12 related ethanolamine salts, listed below, are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment (rinse-off products only) when formulated to be non-irritating. The Panel cautioned that ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds may be formed...Ethanolamine...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that ethanolamine and the 12 related ethanolamine salts, listed below, are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment (rinse-off products only) when formulated to be non-irritating. The Panel cautioned that ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds may be formed...Monoethanolamine...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Aminoethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid or solid (below 51 °F). It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. The dual function groups, amino and hydroxyl, make it useful in cutting fluids and as intermediates in the production of surfactants, soaps, salts, corrosion control inhibitors, and in pharmaceutical and miscellaneous applications. 2-Aminoethanol and other amines appear to be potentially useful components of topical formulations used to decontaminate and protect the skin against chemical warfare agents. As a pharmaceutical adjuvant, it is used as a solvent for fats and oils, and in combination with fatty acids forms soaps in the formulations of various types of emulsion such as lotions and creams. It is used in hydraulic fracturing. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A concentration of 5.9% is irritating to human skin. Symptoms associated with CNS depression in humans include increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Large doses produce sedation, coma, and death following depression of blood pressure and cardiac collapse. 2-Aminoethanol inhalation by humans has been reported to cause immediate allergic responses of dyspnea and asthma and clinical symptoms of acute liver damage and chronic hepatitis. ANIMAL STUDIES: Undiluted liquid causes redness and swelling when applied to the skin of the rabbit. Administration of 2-aminoethanol by the intravenous route in dogs produced increased blood pressure, diuresis, salivation, and pupillary dilation. Rats, mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs exposed to vapor or mist at high concentrations (up to 1250 ppm) developed pulmonary, hepatic, and renal lesions. In a 90-day subacute oral toxicity study of 2-aminoethanol in rats that a maximum daily dose of 0.32 g/kg resulted in no effect; 0.64 g/kg/day resulted in altered liver or kidney wt; and at 1.28 g/kg death occurred. It is considered to be liver toxin. No treatment-related effects were noted in dogs administered as much as 22 mg/kg/d of 2-aminoethanol for 2 yr. In developmental studies in rabbits maternal toxicity was seen at the two higher dose levels (25, 75 mg/kg body weight) as skin irritation and at the highest dose level as reduced weight gain. There was no treatment related effect on the incidence of any fetal variation or malformation or on the number of malformed fetuses. 2-Aminoethanol has been demonstrated to be non-mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, with and without S9 metabolic activation, using TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538, TA 98, and TA 100; and also negative in the Escherichia coli assay, Saccharomyces gene conversion assay, and rat liver chromosome assay. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted using zebra fish fry (Brachydanio rerio) and the unicellular algae Isochrysis galbana (a flagellate) and Chaetoceros gracilis (a diatom). Inhibition of cell division, chlorophyll content, and (14)CO2 uptake in the algae were sensitive end points. 2-Aminoethanol had an LC50 /in the zebra fish fry/ higher than 5,000 mg/L.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) are compounds with potential acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity effects towards aquatic species. A literature review highlighted the existence of a gap in the knowledge on their toxicity with saltwater testing species. A battery of toxicity tests including the alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, the bivalve molluscs Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) and Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lmk), and the crustacean Artemia franciscana, was considered to update and improve the existing ecotoxicological information. Data were provided as the Effective Concentration that induces a 50% effect in the observed population (EC50), Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC). EC50, LOEC and NOEC values were compared with a reviewed database containing the existing ecotoxicological data from saltwater organisms.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The influence of monoethanolamine (MEA) as a CO(2) absorbent on photoautotrophic culture of CO(2)-fixing microalgae was investigated. When 300 ppm MEA (4.92 mM) was added to blank culture medium, the dissolved inorganic carbon and the molar absorption ratio increased to 51.0 mg/L and 0.34 mol CO2 = mol MEA, respectively, which was an almost 6-fold increase in CO(2) solubility. When free MEA up to 300 mg/L was added to a green alga Scenedesmus sp. culture that was supplied 5% (v/v) CO(2) at 0.1 vvm, both cell growth rate and final cell density were enhanced compared to when no MEA was added. The cell growth rate reached 288.6 mg/L/d, which was equivalent to 539.6 mg CO(2)/L/d as a CO(2)-fixation rate and enhancement of about 63.0% compared to not adding MEA. Chlorophyll-a content and nitrate consumption rate increased correspondingly. MEA doses higher than 400mg/L inhibited cell growth, probably due to toxicity of the carbamate intermediate.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Aquatic toxicity tests were conducted using zebra fish fry (Brachydanio rerio) and the unicellular algae Isochrysis galbana (a flagellate) and Chaetoceros gracilis (a diatom). Inhibition of cell division, chlorophyll content, and (14)CO2 uptake in the algae were sensitive end points. ... Monoethanolamine had an LC50 /in the zebra fish fry/ higher than 5,000 mg/L.

/PLANTS/ The cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora that infests the black locust Robinia pseudoacacia shows toxicity to its predator, the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis. In contrast, the same aphid species that infests the common vetch, Vicia angustifolia, is suitable prey for H. axyridis larvae. Previously, it was reported that the toxicity of A. craccivora infesting R. pseudoacacia was due to canavanine and 2-aminoethanol, but there was some doubt about the toxicity of these compounds and their concentrations in the aphids. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of cyanamide, canavanine, and 2-aminoethanol in A. craccivora infesting the two host plants. In the extracts of A. craccivora that infested either of the host plants, canavanine was undetectable, and 2-aminoethanol was detected at the concentration of 3.0-4.0 ug/g fresh weight. Cyanamide was detected in the extract of A. craccivora that infested R. pseudoacacia (7.7 ug/g fresh weight) but not in that infesting V. angustifolia. The toxicity of canavanine, 2-aminoethanol, and cyanamide was evaluated against H. axyridis larvae in a bioassay by using an artificial diet containing these compounds at various concentrations. Cyanamide exhibited 10-100 times stronger toxicity than canavanine and 2-aminoethanol. These results indicate that the toxicity is at least partly due to cyanamide, which is present in the toxic A. craccivora that infests R. pseudoacacia but absent from the non-toxic A. craccivora that infests V. angustifolia.

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Shortness of breath. Drowsiness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shortness of breath. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; drowsiness

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer safety standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D. 2-Aminoethanol is found on List D. Case No: 4032; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered. Therefore, we are characterizing the case as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): 2-Aminoehtanol; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Ethanolamines are produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. /Ethanolamines/

CIR ingredient: Ethanolamine

CIR ingredient: Monoethanolamine

Used as a scavenger for CO2 and H2S in natural gas; used in the synthesis of surface active agents, hair waving agents, hide softeners, agricultural chemicals, and antibiotics; [Merck Index, # 3727] Used in soaps, cosmetics, polishes, paints, cutting oils, and textile processing; [HSDB] Used in photography (color developing bath); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html]

Metal Machining [Category: Heat or Machine]

For 2-aminoethanol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 011601) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered /pesticide/ products. ... "cancelled."

2023: 550,000,000 - <700,000,000 lb

(1972) 3.7X10+10 G

(1975) 3.75X10+10 GRAMS

(1984) 198,274X10+3 LB

(1986) >100 million-500 million pounds

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for 2-AMINOETHANOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

APPROXIMATELY 49% IS USED FOR GAS CONDITIONING (SCRUBBING); ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION PATTERN FOR MONO-, DI-, AND TRIETHANOLAMINES TOGETHER IS 37% FOR SYNTHESIS OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS FOR TEXTILES, TOILET GOODS, METALS, AND OTHER SPECIALTY SURFACTANT USES; 22% FOR GAS CONDITIONING AND PETROLEUM USE; 20% EXPORTED; 5% FOR SYNTHESIS OF MORPHOLINES; 16% FOR MISC APPLICATIONS INCLUDING EMULSION POLISHES AND HERBICIDES (1973)

Alkanolamines are typically manufactured from the corresponding olefin oxide and ammonia. Mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines are produced in the reactor and sent to downstream distillation columns for separation. The oxide-ammonia reaction is exothermic. Reaction rates decrease with increased carbon number of the oxide (ethylene oxide > propylene oxide > butylene oxide). Anhydrous or aqueous ammonia may be used, although anhydrous ammonia is typically used to favor monoalkanolamine production. Using anhydrous ammonia requires that the reactor be operated at higher temperature and pressure. Varying the ammonia to oxide ratio is the primary way to shift the product split among the mono-, di-, and trialkanolamines. A high ammonia to oxide ratio favors mono- production.

Prepared on a large scale by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide; ... also from nitromethane and formaldehyde.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Specialized Industrial Chemicals

Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues

Fragrance Ingredients

Cosmetics -> Buffering

EMISSION SCRUBBERS

Wholesale and Retail Trade

Ethanol, 2-amino-: ACTIVE

Annual Capacity (millions of pounds, Feb, 2005): Seadrift, TX - 430; Taft, LA - 220; Bayport, TX - 45; Port Neches, TX - 350; Plaquemine, LA - 300

Each year, an estimated 35,000 wells are hydraulically-fractured in the U.S. Although the oil and gas extraction industry as a whole has a relatively higher fatality rate compared to most of the U.S. general industry... there is currently no worker injury/illness or fatality data publicly available for hydraulic fracturing or flowback operations. Regardless of the availability of data, more workers are potentially exposed to the hazards created by hydraulic fracturing and flowback operations due to the large increase in the number of these operations in the past decade. /Hydraulic fracturing/