2-ニトロアニソール

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Nitroanisole/

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Well closed.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

If inhaled ..., move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact, rRinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Nitroanisole/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail); Conditions: oral feed; Concentration: >1300 mg/kg /o-Nitroanisole 99% purity/ /Translated from German/

LC50; Species: Oryzia latipes (Japanese medaka); Conditions: static; Concentration: 25 mg/L/48 hr.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 216.1 mg/L/96 hr

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae); Conditions: OECD Guideline 201; Concentration: 48.6 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitroanisole is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-nitroanisole from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.6X10-3 mm hg(4), and water solubility, 1.69X10+3 mg/L(5). 2-Nitroanisole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). The compound required more than 64 days to biodegrade in a soil microflora inoculum(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitroanisole is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.6X10-3 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.69X10+3 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 1.4-5.2(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-nitroanisole, which has a vapor pressure of 3.60X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitroanisole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Nitroanisole absorbs light at wavelengths up to 429 nm(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Confusion.

Dry skin.

See Inhalation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=91-23-6]

The Koc of 2-nitroanisole is estimated as 140(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-nitroanisole is expected to have high mobility in soil.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. Harmful if swallowed.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The aim of the study was to detect single-strand breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in mononuclear blood cells of fire fighters exposed to o-nitroanisole and other substances released into the environment during an accident in a chemical plant. The level of DNA single-strand breaks in mononuclear blood cells was detected by alkaline elution. The results were compared for 16 fire fighters who worked in a contaminated area for about 8 hr and two reference groups (one of fire fighters who had not worked in the contaminated area, group I, and one of persons without any apparent occupational exposure to genotoxic substances, group II). The mean normalized elution rate (nER) 19 d after the accident was slightly but statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the exposed fire fighters [mean 1.48 +/- 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.21] than for reference group I (mean 1.21 +/- 95% CI 0.21) or reference group II (mean 1.17 +/- 95% CI 0.18). No statistically significant difference was found between reference groups I and II. Another analysis was performed three months after the first. The level of DNA single-strand breaks (mean nER 1.12 +/- 95% CI 0.11) was no longer increased in comparison with the levels of the reference groups ...

AEROBIC: 2-Nitroanisole is considered non-biodegradable(1). o-Nitroanisole, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2). Greater than 64 days were required to degrade 2-nitroanisole by a soil microflora inoculum from a Niagara silt loam in a mineral salts medium(3).

SEDIMENT: 2-Nitroanisole was reported 4.3% of 70 samples at an average concentration of 0.69 ppm in samples collected from 1974-1976 from the industrial zone along the Pacific coast of Japan which included Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Osaka Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, and areas along the Japan Sea coast(1).

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. o-Nitroanisole is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Used in organic synthesis to produce pharmaceuticals and dyes; [Hawley]

o-Isomer as dye intermediate; in organic syntheses.

CHEM INT FOR DYE INTERMEDIATES, EG, O-ANISIDINE

2-Nitroanisole is used primarily as a precursor to o-anisidine, which is prepared by direct nitro-reduction. o-Anisidine is used extensively in the synthesis of azo dyes either directly after being converted to a diazonium salt or as a precursor for the preparation of dianisidine, which is diazotized and coupled. Directly or indirectly, o-anisidine is used in the manufacture of over 100 azo dyes.

2-Nitroanisole has also been used as an intermediate for various pharmaceuticals.

(1976) 3.19X10+8 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1978) 2.46X10+8 G (PRINCPL CUSTMS DISTS)

(1977) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

(1978) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 2.27X10+6 GRAMS

From o-nitrophenol by methylation or from o-nitrochlorobenzene by action of methanol and caustic soda

2-Nitroanisole is prepared by slowly adding methanolic sodium hydroxide to a solution of 2-chloronitrobenzene in methanol at 70 °C and then, to complete the reaction, by gradually heating the mixture under pressure to 95 °C. After dilution with water, the product is separated as an oil, at a 90% yield; methanol can be recovered from the aqueous layer.